It’s quite common for your code to throw a typeerror, especially if you’re just starting out with Python. The reason for this is that the interpreter expects variables of certain types in certain places in the code.

We’ll look at a specific example of such an error: "typeerror: 'int' object is not iterable".

Exercise: Run this minimal example and reproduce the error in your online Python shell!

Let’s start decomposing this error step-by-step!

Background Integer & Iterable

First, it’s worth understanding what int and iterable are.

The int type in Python, as in almost all programming languages, is a type for storing integers such as 1, 2, 3, -324, 0. There can be many variables of type int in our program. We can assign values ​​to them ourselves directly:

a = 5

In this case, we will most often understand what is a type of our variable. But the value can, for example, be returned from a function. Python uses implicit typing. Implicit typing means that when declaring a variable, you do not need to specify its type; when explicitly, you must. Therefore, by assigning the result of a function to a variable, you may not be clearly aware of what type your variable will be.

s1 = sum([1, 2, 3])

print(s1)

print(type(s1))

Output:

6

<class 'int'>

Here’s another example:

s2 = iter([1, 2, 3])

print(s2)

print(type(s2))

Output:

<list_iterator object at 0x7fdcf416eac8>

<class 'list_iterator'>

In this example, s1 is an integer and is of type int. This number is returned by the sum function with an argument in the form of a list of 3 elements. And the variable s2 is of type list_iterator, an object of this type is returned by the iter function, whose argument is the same list of 3 elements. We’ll talk about iteration now.

Iteration is a general term that describes the procedure for taking the elements of something in turn.

More generally, it is a sequence of instructions that is repeated a specified number of times or until a specified condition is met.

An iterable is an object that is capable of returning elements one at a time. It is also an object from which to get an iterator.

Examples of iterable objects:

• all sequences: list, string, tuple
• dictionaries
• files

It seems that the easiest way to find out what exactly our function is returning is to look at the documentation.

So we see for the iter: iter(object[, sentinel]) Return an iterator object.

But for the sum we have nothing about a type of returning value. Check it out by yourself!

So, the typeerror: ‘int’ object is not iterable error occurs when the interpreter expects an iterable object and receives just an integer. Let’s consider the most common examples of such cases.

Invalid ‘sum’ Argument

We already wrote about the sum function. It returns the int value. The sum function takes at most two arguments. The first argument must be an object that is iterable. If it’s a collection of some sort, then it’s probably a safe assumption that it’s iterable. The second argument to the sum function is optional. It’s a number that represents the first number you’ll start adding to. If you omit the second argument, then you’ll start adding to 0. For novice Python programmers, it seems common sense that a function should return the sum of its arguments. Often they try to apply it like this:

a = 4

b = 3

sum(a, b)

Output:

TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-12-35b280174f65> in <module>() 1 a = 4 2 b = 3

----> 3 sum(a, b) TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

But we see that this leads to an error. We can fix this situation by pre-writing our variables for summation in an iterable object, in a list or a tuple, or a set, for example:

a = 4

b = 3 tuple_sum = (a, b)

list_sum = [a, b]

set_sum = {a, b}

dict_sum = {a: 0, b: 1} print(sum(tuple_sum))

print(sum(list_sum))

print(sum(set_sum))

print(sum(dict_sum))

Output:

7

7

7

7

As you can see, the result remains the same. Whether we are using pre-entry into a tuple, list, set, or even a dictionary. Note that for dictionaries, the sum function sums key values by default.

You can even write one variable to a list and calculate the sum of this list. As a search on stackoverflow shows, newbies in programming often try to calculate the sum of one element, which of course leads to an error.

a = 2

sum(a)

Output:

TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-21-5db7366faaa2> in <module>() 1 a = 2

----> 2 sum(a) TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

But if we pass an iterable object for example a list (even if it consists of one element) to the function then the calculation is successful.

a = 2

list_sum = [a]

print(sum(list_sum))

Output:

2

Another way to form such a list is to use the list.append method:

a = 2

list_sum = []

list_sum.append(a)

print('Sum of "a":', sum(list_sum))

b = 5

list_sum.append(b)

print('Sum of "a" and "b":',sum(list_sum))

Output:

'''

Sum of "a": 2

Sum of "a" and "b": 7 '''

Let’s consider a more complex version of the same error. We have a function that should calculate the sum of the elements of the list including the elements of the nested lists.

def nested_sum(list_): total = 0 for item in list_: item = sum(item) total = total + item return total

list1 = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]

print(nested_sum(list1))

Output:

TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-35-c30be059e3a4> in <module>() 6 return total 7 list1 = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]

----> 8 nested_sum(list1) <ipython-input-35-c30be059e3a4> in nested_sum(list_) 2 total = 0 3 for item in list_:

----> 4 item = sum(item) 5 total = total + item 6 return total TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

You can probably already see what the problem is here. The loop parses the list into its elements and goes through them. The items in our list are numbers 1, 2, 3 and a list [4, 5]. You can compute a sum of the list but you can’t get the sum of one number in Python. So we have to rewrite code.

def nested_sum(list_): total = 0 for item in list_: if type(item) == list: item = sum(item) total = total + item return total

list1 = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]

print(nested_sum(list1))

Output:

15

Now, in the loop, we first of all check the type of our local variable 'item' and if it is a list, then with a clear conscience we calculate its sum and rewrite the variable 'item' with the resulting value. If it’s just a single element, then we add its value to the 'total'.

Incorrect use of ‘for’ loop

Let’s consider another common case of this error. Can you see right away where the problem is?

n = 10

for i in n: print(i)

Output:

TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-24-7bedb9f8cc4c> in <module>() 1 n = 10

----> 2 for i in n: 3 print(i) TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

Perhaps the error in this construction is associated with the tradition of teaching children the Pascal language at school. There you can actually write something similar: for i:=1 to n do.

But in Python ‘for’ loops are used for sequential traversal. Their construction assumes the presence of an iterable object. In other languages, a ‘for each’ construct is usually used for such a traversal.

Thus, the ‘for’ construct in Python expects an iterable object which to be traversed, and cannot interpret an integer. This error can be easily corrected using the function ‘range’. Let’s see how our example would look in this case.

n = 10

for i in range(n): print(i)

Output:

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

The ‘range’ function can take 3 arguments like this: range(start, stop[, step]). The ‘start’ is the first number from which the loop will begin, ‘stop’ is the number at which the loop will end. Please note that the number ‘stop’ will not be included in the cycle. The ‘step’ is how much the number will differ at each next iteration from the previous one. By default, ‘start’ has a value of 0, ‘step’=1, and the stop parameter must be passed compulsory. More details with examples can be found in the documentation. https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/stdtypes.html?highlight=range#range

for i in range(4, 18, 3): print(i)

Output:

4

7

10

13

16

Here is a small example of using all three parameters of the ‘range’ function. In the loop, the variable ‘i’ in the first step will be equal to 4, ‘i’ will never be greater than or equal to 18, and will increase in increments of 3.

Problems With Tuples

The next example where an error "typeerror: ‘int’ object is not iterable" can occur is multiple assignment of values using a tuple. Let’s take a look at an example.

a, b = 0

Output:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-6-6ffc3a683bb5> in <module>()

----> 1 a, b = 0 TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

It’s a very pythonic way of assignment but you should be careful with it. On the left we see a tuple of two elements ‘a’ and ‘b’, so to the right of the equal sign there must also be a tuple (or any other iterable object) of two elements. Don’t be intimidated by writing a tuple without parentheses, this is an allowable way in Python.

So to fix this error, we can write the assignment like this:

a, b = 0, 0

print(a)

print(b)

Output:

0

0

And a few more examples of how you can assign values to several variables at once:

a, b = (1, 2)

c, d = {3, 4}

e, f = [5, 6]

print(a, b, c ,d ,e, f)

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6

A similar problem can arise if you use a function that returns multiple values as a tuple. Consider, for example, a function that returns the sum, product, and result of division of two numbers.

def sum_product_division(a, b): if b != 0: return a + b, a * b, a / b else: return -1 sum_, product, division = sum_product_division(6, 2)

print("The sum of numbers is:", sum_)

print("The product of numbers is:", product)

print("The division of numbers is:", division)

Output:

The sum of numbers is: 8

The product of numbers is: 12

The division of numbers is: 3.0

Note that I have added an underscore to the variable name ‘sum_’. This is because the word ‘sum’ is the name of the built-in function that we discussed above. As you can see, in the case when ‘b’ is not equal to zero, our code works correctly, the variables take the appropriate values. Now let’s try to pass the value ‘b’ equal to 0 to the function. Division by zero will not occur, since we provided for this in the function and return -1 as an error code.

sum_, product, division = sum_product_division(6, 0)

print("The sum of numbers is:", sum_)

print("The product of numbers is:", product)

print("The division of numbers is:", division)

Output:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-9-6c197be50200> in <module>()

----> 1 sum_, product, division = sum_product_division(6, 0) 2 print("The sum of numbers is:", sum_) 3 print("The product of numbers is:", product) 4 print("The division of numbers is:", division) TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

The error “TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable” occurs again. What’s the matter? As I already said, this situation is similar to the previous one. Here we also try to assign values to several variables using a tuple. But our function when there is a danger of division by zero returns not a tuple but the only value of the error code ‘-1’.

How to fix it? For example, we can check the type of a returning value. And depending on this type, already output the result. Let’s do it!

result = sum_product_division(6, 0)

if type(result) == int: print("Error, b should not be zero!")

else: sum_, product, division = result print("The sum of numbers is:", sum_) print("The product of numbers is:", product) print("The division of numbers is:", division)

Output:

Error, b should not be zero!

Here’s another example:

result = sum_product_division(6, 3)

if type(result) == int: print("Error, b should not be zero!")

else: sum_, product, division = result print("The sum of numbers is:", sum_) print("The product of numbers is:", product) print("The division of numbers is:", division)

Output:

The sum of numbers is: 9

The product of numbers is: 18

The division of numbers is: 2.0

We can also redesign our function to return the result of the operation from the beginning of the tuple. And use some trick when assigning variables. Take a look at this:

def sum_product_division(a, b): if b != 0: return "Ok", a + b, a * b, a / b else: return ("Error",) status, *results = sum_product_division(6, 0)

print(status, results) status, *results = sum_product_division(6, 2)

print(status, results)

Output:

Error []

Ok [8, 12, 3.0]

If division by zero is possible we return a tuple with a single element – the string ‘Error’. If everything is correct then we return a tuple where the first element is a status message – the string ‘Ok’ and then the results of the calculations follow sequentially: sum, product, result of division.

There can be many options here, because this is a function that we wrote ourselves, so we can fix it as we please. But it so happens that we use functions from libraries. For example here is an error from a topic on stackoverflow.

import subprocess

data = subprocess.call(["echo", '''Hello World!

Hello!'''])

sum_lines = 0

for line in data: print(line) sum_lines += 1

print(sum_lines)

Output:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-32-8d4cf2cb9ee0> in <module>() 3 Hello!''']) 4 sum_lines = 0

----> 5 for line in data: 6 print(line) 7 sum_lines += 1 TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

I rewrote the code a bit so that the essence is clear. We want to run a command on the command line and count the number of lines printed on the screen. In our case, it will be just a command to display a little message to the World.

We should read a documentation to figure it out. The subprocess module allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their input /output /error pipes, and obtain their return codes. We see that the ‘call’ function starts the process on the command line, then waits for its execution and returns the execution result code! That’s it! The function returned the code of execution. It’s integer and we are trying to traverse this integer in a loop. Which is impossible, as I described above.

What to do? Explore the documentation for the module further. And so we find what we need. The ‘check_output’ function. It returns everything that should be displayed in the console when the command being passed is executed. See how it works:

import subprocess

data=subprocess.check_output(["echo", '''Hello World!

Hello!'''])

sum_lines = 0

for line in data.splitlines(): print(line) sum_lines +=1

print(sum_lines)

Output:

b'Hello World!'

b'Hello!'

2

Great! We got a byte string separated by newline symbols ‘\n’ at the output. And we can traverse over it as shown with a ‘splitlines’ function. It returns a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. This method uses the universal newlines approach to splitting lines. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless ‘keepends’ parameter is given and true.

Thus, we fixed the error and got what we needed, but had to do a little research in the documentation. This study of documentation is one of the most effective ways to improve your programming skills.

The snag with lists

Often the error "TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable" appears when using various functions related to lists. For example I have a list of my exam grades. I want to add to it a grade in physical education which I passed perfectly in contrast to math. I am trying to do it like this:

grades = [74, 85, 61]

physical_education_mark = 100

grades += physical_education_mark

I’m using the most conventional method to perform the list concatenation, the use of “+” operator. It can easily add the whole of one list behind the other list and hence perform the concatenation. But it doesn’t work here. Because list concatenation is only possible for two lists. We cannot combine list and number. The most obvious way to solve this problem is to use the ‘append’ function. It is designed just to do that. It adds an item to the list. The argument can also be an integer.

grades = [74, 85, 61]

physical_education_mark = 100

grades.append(physical_education_mark)

print(grades)

Output:

[74, 85, 61, 100]

Voila! We did it! Of course, if we really want to use the ‘+’ operator, we can pre-write our physical education grade in a list with one element, for example like this:

grades = [74, 85, 61]

physical_education_mark = 100

grades += [physical_education_mark]

print(grades)

Output:

[74, 85, 61, 100]

The result is expectedly the same as the previous one. Move on.

Another list-related problem is when you’re trying to add element with ‘extend‘ method. This method can be very useful to concatenate lists. Unlike the ‘+’ operator, it changes the list from which it is called. For example, I need to add new semester grades to the grades list. It’s easy to do with the method ‘extend’:

grades = [74, 85, 61]

new_semestr_grades = [85, 79]

physical_education_mark = 100

grades.extend(new_semestr_grades)

print(grades)

Output:

[74, 85, 61, 85, 79]

So we did it easily but wait! We forgot our perfect physical education score!

grades = [74, 85, 61]

new_semestr_grades = [85, 79]

physical_education_mark = 100

grades.extend(new_semestr_grades)

grades.extend(physical_education_mark)

print(grades)

Output:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-48-6d49503fc731> in <module>() 3 physical_education_mark = 100 4 grades.extend(new_semestr_grades)

----> 5 grades.extend(physical_education_mark) 6 print(grades) TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

And we can’t do it like this. ‘extend’ is waiting for iterable object as an argument. We can use ‘append’ method or pre-writing manner.

grades = [74, 85, 61]

new_semestr_grades = [85, 79]

physical_education_mark = [100]

grades.extend(new_semestr_grades)

grades.extend(physical_education_mark)

print(grades)

Output:

[74, 85, 61, 85, 79, 100]

Did you notice the difference? I originally defined the variable ‘physical_education_mark’ as a list with one item. And this works perfect!

Now suppose we need a function that will find the location of variables in the formula “A + C = D – 6”. If you know that each variable in the formula is denoted by one capital letter. We’re trying to write it:

def return_variable_indexes(formula): for element in formula: if element.isupper(): indexes = list(formula.index(element)) return indexes print(return_variable_indexes("A + C = D - 6"))

Output:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-44-5a9b17ff47ae> in <module>() 5 return indexes 6 ----> 7 print(return_variable_indexes("A + C = D - 6")) <ipython-input-44-5a9b17ff47ae> in return_variable_indexes(formula) 2 for element in formula: 3 if element.isupper():

----> 4 indexes = list(formula.index(element)) 5 return indexes 6 TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

Yes, we got the same error again. Let’s try to understand what’s the matter. We go through the elements of the string ‘formula’. And if this element is a upper-case letter then we use the ‘index’ function to find its position in the string. And try to write it into a list ‘indexes’. So we have two functions ‘index’ and ‘list’. What is returning value of the ‘index’ function? It is an integer number the position at the first occurrence of the specified value. So we’re trying to add this to the list ‘indexes’ with a ‘list’ function. And stop here! The ‘list’ constructor takes one argument. It should be an iterable object so that could be a sequence (string, tuples) or collection (set, dictionary) or any iterator object. Not an integer number of course. So we can use ‘append’ method again and get the result we need:

def return_variable_indexes(formula): indexes = [] for element in formula: if element.isupper(): indexes.append(formula.index(element)) return indexes print(return_variable_indexes("A + C = D - 6"))

Output:

[0, 4, 8]

And just for fun you can do it as a one-liner using a list comprehension and the ‘enumerate’ method. It takes iterable object as an argument and returns its elements with index as tuples (index, element) one tuple by another:

def return_variable_indexes(formula): return [index_ for index_, element in enumerate(formula) if element.isupper()]

print(return_variable_indexes("A + C = D - 6"))

Output:

[0, 4, 8]

Conclusion

We have considered some cases in which an error “TypeError: ‘int’ object is not iterable” occurs. This is always a situation where the interpreter expects an iterable object, and we provide it an integer.

The most common cases of such errors:

• incorrect sum argument;
• incorrect handling of tuples;
• related to various functions and methods of lists

I hope that after reading this article you will never have a similar problem. And if it suddenly arises then you can easily solve it. You may need to read the documentation for this though =)

Sharpen your skills and add some new superpowers in the Learning Zone at the all-digital Microsoft Ignite September 22-24. No matter where you are in your journey as a developer, the Learning Zone has something to help you expand your toolkit. And Ignite is perfectly priced for students—it’s free.  

Get in the zone 

The Learning Zone is filled with sessions and workshops to help you take your skill set to the next level. Here’s a taste of what’s waiting for you: 

Intro to Tech Skills 

Explore key topics to help you kick off a career in tech. We’ll cover a variety of interests, job roles, and Microsoft technologies. 

Learn Workshops 

Get hands-on with online workshops hosted by experts who walk you through a Microsoft Learn module. 

Cloud Skills Challenge  

Apply and expand your skills through interactive learning modules and earn a free Microsoft Certification exam. You might even win some prizes! 

Launch yourself into tech 

You’re considering a career in technology. Exciting! But where do you start? Intro to Tech Skills is your chance to explore different paths and find your way forward. 

Be sure to catch the Careers in Tech panels, where tech professionals from a variety of backgrounds share their own experiences. You’ll get some insight into the areas of tech that might interest you, things to expect along your journey, and what the current state of recruiting looks like, including the roles that companies are hiring for. You’ll also learn more about how Microsoft technologies and learning resources can help you get started. 

Intro to Tech Skills also includes sessions that cover development tools, cloud computing, programming languages, sustainability, and powerful ways to use data. Exploring a career in IT? Join us for sessions on topics like business management, productivity, collaboration with Microsoft Teams, and security with Microsoft 365. 

Watch Student Ambassadors in action 

You can even see how Microsoft Learn Student Ambassadors help to make Microsoft events unique and inclusive. Many of the Learning Zone sessions will be redelivered by Student Ambassadors in different time zones around the world, in a variety of languages. For example, Ambassadors are redelivering an intro to Python in Spanish and a session on green development in Hindi and French. 

Learn, grow, and enter to win 

Show off your skills and aim for a shot at the grand prize. The Microsoft Ignite Cloud Skills Challenge is made up of six individual subject-level challenges, each based on a collection of Microsoft Learn modules. You can participate in as many challenges as you’d like, and each one that you complete earns you more sweepstakes entries. 

After you’ve completed your first challenge, you’ll earn a free Microsoft Certification exam. And if the sweepstakes drawing goes your way, you could win a chance for you and four of your friends to spend time with a key leader at Microsoft! 

Registration for the Cloud Skills Challenge goes live on September 22. To be one of the first to know when the challenge begins, sign up for notifications. 

Let’s go! 

Ignite is coming up soon—register now so you don’t miss it! We’ll see you there. 

The latest Nintendo Download update for North America has arrived, and it’s bringing new games galore to the eShop in your region. As always, be sure to drop a vote in our poll and comment down below with your potential picks for the week. Enjoy!

Switch eShop – Highlights

Super Mario 3D All-Stars (Nintendo, 18th Sep, $59.99) – Super Mario 3D All-Stars, which includes Super Mario 64, Super Mario Sunshine and Super Mario Galaxy all in one package, is the ideal way to experience some of Mario’s greatest adventures of all time. In addition to having higher resolutions than their original versions, the games have been optimized for a smooth gameplay experience on Nintendo Switch. Super Mario 3D All-Stars also includes an in-game music-player mode to play the music and songs from all three games. Put on your adventure cap as Mario explores the Mushroom Kingdom and beyond! Read our Super Mario 3D All-Stars review.

Mini Motor Racing X (NEXTGENREALITY, 17th Sep, $19.99) – Mini Motor Racing X explodes onto Nintendo Switch with local split-screen and online multiplayer high-octane racing action! The classic Mini Motor career mode is back, with hundreds of races, dozens of cars to unlock and upgrade, and four fiendish championships to master. But that’s not all: MMRX adds some firepower to the mix in the new Type-X battle mode. Put your pedal to the metal for Mini Motor Racing X and enjoy fast-paced racing action across 52 vibrant environments.

Unrailed! (Daedalic Entertainment, 23rd Sep, $0.00) – Unrailed! is an intense and chaotic railroad construction experience co-op multiplayer game in which you work together with your friends to build a train track across endless procedurally generated worlds. Master random encounters with its inhabitants, upgrade your train and keep it from derailing. With unlockable characters, a dynamic weather system, and a day and night system, get ready for railroad action that is blocky to the core.

WWE 2K Battlegrounds (2K Sports, 18th Sep, $39.99) – The world of WWE is your battleground with over-the-top, arcade action as your favorite WWE Superstars and Legends battle in interactive environments around the world. Compete using special abilities and power-ups in match types like Steel Cage and Royal Rumble. Play through a new story mode told through original comic strips, compete in Online Tournaments or stake your claim as King of the Battleground against players from around the world! Plus, battle it out in local multiplayer and dominate your friends.

Switch eShop – New Releases

2weistein – The Curse of the Red Dragon (14th Sep, $18.00) – All was peace and quiet in Asban and the whole land of Trillion – until that day on which the gates remained closed, as if by ghostly hand, and other strange things happened. The mean magician Godron has stolen the book Mathematica from the creator of Trillion, and has cast an evil spell over the city: a ban on mathematics. Godron wants to gain power over the whole land and transform the world according to his will.

CastleStorm II (Zen Studios, 23rd Sep, $19.99) – Aim your catapults! Command your troops! Bloody the battlefield! CastleStorm II levels up gaming’s greatest genre mishmash with ruthless destruction powered by Unreal 4, plus a whole new metagame of strategic, tactical conquest.

Dog Duty (Soedesco, 17th Sep, $19.99) – Control a squad of misfits as they go up against some evil bigwig Octopus Commander and his army who are threatening world peace. In this fun, fast-paced real-time tactics game, you go into combat and use guerrilla warfare to eliminate all octo-scum. Fight on top of your moving vehicle as you go from island to island to liberate outposts and defeat wicked bosses in their crazy octo-machines. Wreck those squids up, but beware, they’re well-armed.

Drag Racing Rivals (No Gravity Games, 17th Sep, $9.99) – Become part of the thrilling world of underground street drag racing in this awesome high-speed game with realistic graphics. Start as an unknown outsider and race your way to the top. Race in underground street races against your rivals from drag racing clans. Win cash, new amazing cars, and upgrade them to the max! Drive on!

Endurance – space action (Ivan Panasenko, 17th Sep, $7.99) – Endurance is a prequel of Ailment (another top-down sci-fi action shooting game). Endurance will tell you the story which happened before events in Ailment (you don’t have to play Ailment before). You’re a researcher on a spaceship called Endurance, and one day your crew members, your friends get infected and become insane and start acting like zombies.

Flying Soldiers (Wild Sphere, 17th Sep, $17.99) – Not everything is as it seems in this outlandish puzzle game, because these “flying soldiers” can hardly glide a few inches and they don’t exactly have the abilities to go into battle. So, it’s no surprise that, with squads made up of these “characters”, they wouldn’t be able to get themselves out of the mess they’re in.

Georifters (Busy Toaster Games, 31st Jul, $29.99) – Steal the ground right from under your enemies! or yourself! In “Georifters” you can spin walls, twist tunnels, crush critters, battle against the ground or with it! It can be your tool or a weapon you use to smash others in a series of fast-paced ground busting arenas. Choose from a variety of heroes, dress them up (or down) and combine outfits to look fabulous on your way to victory.

GORSD (Springloaded, 18th Sep, $16.99) – Intense arena combat, set deep inside the heart of darkness. Discover the story of the GORSD alone, or enter battle with up to 4 friends in local multiplayer. Born from a womb-eye, you discover a world seething with challenges created by an unknown power. For what purpose were you created? Uncover the truth of the GORSD.

Journey of the Broken Circle (Nakana.io, 18th Sep, $8.00) – Meet fascinating characters on your quest to complete the imperfect Circle, and eventually pair with some! These partners bring their unique abilities to let you overcome new obstacles and keep discovering the world. They also bring their own personality to roll with. In this 4-5 hours adventure, full of ups and downs, but always playful and rewarding, the Circle learns about itself and you, along with it.

Kingdom Rush Origins (Ironhide Game Studio, 17th Sep, $14.99) – Kingdom Rush Origins is the third instalment of the award-winning Kingdom Rush saga, loved by millions and earning accolades from gamers and critics around the globe. Take a trip back to the beginning, before Vez’nan ever thought to threaten the kingdom with the gem of power, and experience even more of the lightning-fast, exceptionally captivating gameplay that made the franchise a cornerstone of essential tower defense games. Read our Kingdom Rush Origins review

Moero Crystal H (eastasiasoft, 17th Sep, $39.99) – Take the role of Zenox as he embarks on a mission to retrieve the Bra of Darkness from a mysterious thief who’s corrupting monster girls throughout the land. In this enhanced “Hyper” version of first-person dungeon RPG Moero Crystal, encounter and recruit more than 80 monster girls, including all previous DLC characters, in remastered HD presentation and subtitled in English for the first time!

My Forged Wedding (Voltage, 17th Sep, $24.99) – Due to a twist of fate, you’re now pretending to be the wife of a man you’ve just met. At first, you’re against the idea of this fake marriage, but as the days go on and you get to know one another, your mutual attraction deepens.

Nevaeh (CFK, 17th Sep, $12.99) – Darkness looms over a bright and peaceful town as street lights begin to go out one by one. To bring back the light, a girl heads to the Tower from which the light came. Hidden in the Tower was a glowing butterfly. Thinking its light could help the town, the girl takes the butterfly with her. But what she found was the town entirely covered in darkness. The girl heads to the Tower once again to find a way to save the town. With the light gone, the Tower turned into a place full of lethal traps and monsters lurking in the dark. Venture forth with the glowing butterfly. It is up to you to drive out the dark and save the townspeople!

Orbt XL (Nickervision Studios, 23rd Sep, $0.99) – Stay in orbit while avoiding obstacles or being sucked into a black hole. Survive as long as you can while dodging and weaving between the various obstacles, the closer you orbit to the center, the faster you achieve points. The longer you last, the harder it gets. Good Luck and have fun playing with gravity! Simple one-button controls; just pressing the Orbt button allows your planet to move away from the black hole, not pressing the button forces your planet to be sucked towards the black hole.

Saboteur SiO (SimFabric, 18th Sep, $10.99) – Saboteur SiO is the official sequel to the classic retro games Saboteur! and Saboteur II: Avenging Angel. Travel the world in this original ninja mission, created and developed by the original author, Clive Townsend. In 1985 Saboteur! received the prestigious award “The Crash Smash” from Crash magazine and was high-rated with a 93% score. In 1987 Clive made the sequel Saboteur II: Avenging Angel – the first video game to feature a female protagonist – Nina – sister of the ninja from the first game. Now, after over three decades, SimFabric in collaboration with Clive Townsend have prepared the next instalment in the Saboteur saga.

Super Punch Patrol (Hörberg Productions, 17th Sep, $4.99) – Classic Beat ’em Up action from the creator of Gunman Clive and Mechstermination Force. When crime and violence dominate the streets, Police Chief Anders Punch decides to take desperate measures. Defeat the Evil Crime Syndicate using just your fists!

Tamiku (Ratalaika Games, 18th Sep, $4.99) – You are an alien from a distant galaxy who is totally obsessed with blow up balloons. Having popped every last balloon on your home planet, now you must venture to other worlds in search of more balloons to pop. Inspired by classic arcade games, Tamiku is an arcade game in which you have to burst all the balloons of a level without being killed. To do this you will face different dangers, jump, run and quickly inflate the red balloons!

The Secret Order: Return to the Buried Kingdom (Artifex Mundi, 18th Sep, $14.99) – The Buried Kingdom in on the verge of collapse. Maintaining the balance between peace and chaos has become almost impossible, as the dragons start to behave unpredictably. Who is behind all the magic anomalies? Explore beautiful locations, encounter unique beasts, solve riddles, reach the finale of this epic quest, and discover the power of friendship!

Titan Glory (Atypical Games, 6th Aug, $4.99) – Titan Glory is a sci-fi mech combat game with an emphasis on mech and weapon variety, multiple game modes and spectacular combat arenas. In the near future, mech combat sports are all the rage! Various match rules and objectives bring the thrill of the game in glorious skirmishes filled with explosions and projectiles. Taking part in tournaments and winning matches will earn you valuable credits and ranks. In turn these will give you access to 12 mechs with different weapon loadouts and attributes. For all of them you will have to choose which component to upgrade and where to push your machine to the limits.

Twin Breaker: A Sacred Symbols Adventure (eastasiasoft, 23rd Sep, $9.99) – In the early 2300s, Earth is still recovering from a decades-long World War that engulfed most of the planet, except for an isolationist United States that used its power and prestige not to fight, but to reach for the stars. But when NASA’s generation ships disappear in interstellar space, only two pilots are capable of figuring out why.

Vampire’s Fall: Origins (17th Sep, $12.99) – Vampire’s Fall: Origins is a 2D open-world RPG with tactical combat. Create your character, choose your bloodline and venture out in the world. For countless years the villagers of Vamp’Ire have enjoyed a life of peace and happiness. But now, rumors are spreading about a wielder of dark magic – a Witchmaster. Fearing the rumors to be true, the village musters a militia to prepare for the worst. You are a recruit enrolling to defend the village. Little do you know, fate has something special in store for you…

WWE 2K Battlegrounds (2K Sports, 18th Sep, $39.99) – The world of WWE is your battleground with over the top, arcade action as your favorite WWE Superstars and Legends battle in interactive environments around the world. Compete using special abilities and power-ups in match types like Steel Cage, Royal Rumble, and more!

So that’s your lot for this week’s North American Nintendo Download. Go on, be a sport and drop a vote in the poll above, and comment below with your hot picks!

Reminiscing about how crazy the last 6 yrs has been so I thought I would create a GOW BTS THREAD of photos + thoughts. Buckle up, gonna’ be long.?
It all started out as scribbles and notes on a board and a stack of note cards. Big board image is an early breakdown of the story. pic.twitter.com/a1iZB0SllK

— Cory Barlog ? (@corybarlog) April 21, 2019

The Nintendo Direct Mini: Partner Showcase has now ended! Some amazing upcoming games, including Monster Hunter Rise and Disgaea 6 have been revealed, along with some re-releases of fan favourites. You can find release dates, information, and trailers for all the announcements below.

The September Nintendo Direct Mini: Partner Showcase was the first since July. In the previous two, we learned more about games like Shin Megami Tensei and Kingdom Hearts Melody of Memory, so we knew not to expect anything new from Nintendo itself. The previous instalments ran for approximately 10 minutes each, so we can assume this is the normal length we can expect from a Direct Mini from now on.

The last substantial Nintendo Direct was broadcast over a year ago in early September, and many fans are desperate for a Nintendo Direct on a larger scale, so we can see how our wallets will fare in the coming months, and book our days off. Find out all of the news from the Nintendo Direct Mini: Partner Showcase below!

Here’s everything that was announced during the September Nintendo Direct Mini: Partner Showcase

Monster Hunter Rise

Monster Hunter Rise is a fresh take on the series, with brand new monsters, cute buddies, and 4 player co-op. Available for preorder is a standard, deluxe, collectors edition, and amiibo. Monster Hunter Rise will be making its way to Switch March 26 2021.

Monster Hunter Stories 2

Monster Hunter Stories 2 is a story-driven RPG, in which you play as a monster rider. It includes some fan favourite monsters, such as Rathalos and Anjanath. You can expect to see Monster Hunter Stories 2 on Switch in summer 2021.

Fitness Boxing 2: Rhythm & Exercise

Fitness Boxing 2: Rhythm & Exercise is a sequel to Fitness Boxing. Use your Joy-Con to participate in various courses, and boxing exercises led by one of nine instructors, each with their own distinctive personality. Fitness Boxing 2: Rhythm & Exercise is available December 4 2020.

Disgaea 6: Defiance of Destiny

Disgaea 6; Defiance of Destiny is a strategy RPG, and will be the first game in the series to use 3D-models. Expect some brand new gameplay elements to be expanded on before its release in Summer 2021.

Empire of Sin

Empire of Sin is a strategy game set in the heart of the ruthless criminal underworld of 1920. Choose from a roster of fictional and real-world gangsters, then set out to build your empire. Empire of Sin is available December 1 2020.

Sniper Elite 4

Sniper Elite 4 was originally released for PC, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2017. You can look forward to stealth and unparalleled sniping action when Sniper Elite 4 comes to Switch this winter.

Rune Factory 5

Rune Factory is the newest instalment in the RPG series. Originally scheduled for 2020, Nintendo has revealed the game will now arrive on Switch in 2021.

Ori and the will of the wisps

The last-minute surprise that came with this month’s Nintendo Direct Mini is Ori and the Will of the Wisps, the platform-adventure style game is out now!

coming this month

The Nintendo Direct Mini: Partner Showcase also filled us in on some titles coming this month. The indie, adventure game Hades, and survival game The Long Dark are both available now, while PGA Tour 2K21 arrives on September 25.

That’s it for the September Nintendo Direct Mini: Partner Showcase! You can check out the full below.

Nostalgia’s a beautiful thing, but trying to beautifully recreate it with a modern coat of paint is a painstaking endeavour, it turns out.

Darren Rafferty, an animation student from Ireland, has been hard at work recreating the opening to Pokémon Silver, a game from Pokémon’s second generation of titles which launched for the Game Boy Color back in 1999. The opening scenes have been completely reanimated, starring a number of different Pokémon across a variety of scenes.

In total, the project took a whopping 300-400 hours. “I wanted this to feel like a living, breathing world, as opposed to just an animation,” Rafferty says. “And I think it turned out alright, it’s still far from perfect though. Personally I really like the underwater bit where you can see the surface of the water from underneath, thought that looked well.”

Check it out:

Pretty, huh? For the sake of comparison, here’s the original:

Why Charizard gets to take centre stage in an animation for a new generation of Pokémon is beyond us, but there we are.

If we ever do get a Pokémon Let’s Go Johto game on Switch, we sure hope it gets treated to a nicely redone opening like this. Let us know what you think in the comments below.

Switch owners can now take to the skies in Air Missions: Hind, an action combat flight simulator launching on Nintendo’s platform today.

From publisher Grindstone and developers Games Farm and 3Division, the game has just enjoyed a successful retail launch in Japan. It lands in Europe today and will appear on the North American eShop just a little bit later on 24th September, with those who purchase the title on Switch being treated to three bonus Russian built helicopters to pilot in-game.

Here’s an official description:

Air Missions: HIND puts players in the hot seat of the heavily armed Mi-24 Hind assault helicopter as they take to the skies in devastating air assault missions. Before each mission, the formidable Mi-24 Hind (also known as the ‘flying tank’) can be customised with different skins and weapon sets depending on the mission parameters and goals. Two weapons can be equipped on the wings, in addition to a machine gun mounted on the front of the helicopter, and players can choose from an arsenal of deadly weaponry including UPK 23 machine guns, GUV gun pods, FAB bombs and various rockets and missiles.

When piloting the helicopter, players can switch between a simulation style first person cockpit view, gunners seat view or external third person view depending on your play style or mission goals. Combined with three helicopter difficulty levels to master, Air Missions: HIND offers lots of replayability options across the various missions.

And we also have a feature list:

Features:
● Take control of the Mi-24 assault helicopter, a.k.a the flying tank.
● Campaign mode with fifteen missions based on fictional conflicts.
● Customise and equip your helicopter with an arsenal of missiles, machine guns and rockets.
● Four different environments to master: Central Asia, Eastern Europe, The Arctic Ocean and Southeast Asia.
● Fly combat missions in single and multiplayer modes including Deathmatch, Instant Action and Online Co-op.
● Master three different helicopter control difficulty levels.
● Three bonus Russian built attack helicopters to pilot.

As noted above, the game’s available to buy from the eShop today in Europe, with pricing set at £22.99 / €24.99. In the US, it’ll cost $24.99 when it launches next week.

Are you liking the look of this one? Think you might give it a go? Tell us below.

A generator function is a Pythonic way to create an iterable without explicitly storing it in memory. This reduces memory usage of your code without incurring any additional costs.

The following code shows a function get_numbers(n) that returns a list of n random numbers.

import random # NOT A GENERATOR!

# Create and return a list of numbers

def get_numbers(n): numbers = [] for i in range(n): numbers.append(random.random()) # List of n elements exists in memory return numbers # Sum up 1000 random numbers

s = 0

for x in get_numbers(1000): s += x

print(s)

However, this is not very efficient code because you create a list in advance without need. What if you had 1,000,000,000 numbers? Your memory would quickly fill up!

A better way is to use a generator function with the yield keyword that creates the random numbers dynamically as they are iterated over:

import random # GENERATOR

# Generate numbers one by one

def generate_numbers(n): for i in range(n): yield random.random() # Sum up 1000 random numbers

s = 0

for x in generate_numbers(1000): s += x

print(s)

There are two big advantages to using a generator:

• (1) You don’t have to create a huge list first and store it in memory but generate the next element as you iterate over it.
• (2) It’s shorter and more concise.

However, it may not be concise enough for you! So, here’s the problem addressed in this article:

Problem: Can we write a one-line generator?

Let’s dive into different methods to accomplish this!

Method 1: One-Liner Generator Function

print(sum(random.random() for i in range(1000)))

The code consists of the following parts:

• The print() function prints the result of the expression to the shell.
• The sum() function sums over all values in the following iterable.
• The generator expression random.random() for i in range(1000) generates 1000 random numbers and feeds them into the outer sum() function without creating all of them at once.

This way, we still don’t store the whole list of 1000 numbers in memory but create them dynamically.

Method 2: exec()

The following method is not pretty—but it solves the problem to create a generator in a single line of code.

exec('def g(n):\n for i in range(n):\n yield random.random()')

The exec() function can be used to one-linerize every Python code snippet under the sun. Just pass the code you want to run as a string and replace all newlines with the newline character '\n'. This way, you can create a generator function g(n) that dynamically creates n random numbers. You can now iterate them using the standard code snippet:

s = 0

for x in g(1000): s += x

print(s)

# 488.318368852096

Because the numbers are random, the output will be different for you. You can try it yourself in our interactive shell:

Exercise: What’s the output for you? Why is it different than ours?

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