Do you encounter the following error message?

TypeError: NoneType is not subscriptable

You’re not alone! This short tutorial will show you why this error occurs, how to fix it, and how to never make the same mistake again.

So, let’s get started!

Summary

Python raises the TypeError: NoneType is not subscriptable if you try to index x[i] or slice x[i:j] a None value. The None type is not indexable, i.e., it doesn’t define the __getitem__() method. You can fix it by removing the indexing or slicing call, or defining the __getitem__ method.

Example

The following minimal example that leads to the error:

x = None

print(x[0])

# TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

You set the variable to the value None. The value None is not a container object, it doesn’t contain other objects. So, the code really doesn’t make any sense—which result do you expect from the indexing operation?

Exercise: Before I show you how to fix it, try to resolve the error yourself in the following interactive shell:

If you struggle with indexing in Python, have a look at the following articles on the Finxter blog—especially the third!

Related Articles:

• Indexing in Python
• Slicing in Python
• Accessing the Index of Iterables in Python

Fixes

You can fix the non-subscriptable TypeError by wrapping the non-indexable values into a container data type such as a list in Python:

x = [None]

print(x[0])

# None

The output now is the value None and the script doesn’t yield an error message anymore.

An alternative is to define the __getitem__() method in your code:

class X: def __getitem__(self, i): return f"Value {i}" variable = X()

print(variable[0])

# Value 0

Related Tutorial: Python __getitem__() magic method

You overwrite the __getitem__ method that takes one (index) argument i (in addition to the obligatory self argument) and returns the i-th value of the “container”.

In our case, we just return a string "Value 0" for the element variable[0] and "Value 10" for the element variable[10].

Full Guide: Python Fixing This Subsctiptable Error (General)

What’s Next?

I hope you’d be able to fix the bug in your code! Before you go, check out our free Python cheat sheets that’ll teach you the basics in Python in minimal time:

This tutorial uses JavaScript’s GeoLocation API to get users’ location. This API call returns location coordinates and other geolocation details.

The following quick example has a function getLatLong() that uses the GeoLocation API. It calls the navigator.geplocation.getCurrentPosition(). This function needs to define the success and error callback function.

On success, it will return the geolocation coordinates array. The error callback includes the error code returned by the API. Both callbacks write the response in the browser console.

User’s location is a privacy sensitive information. We need to be aware of it before working on location access. Since it is sensitive, by default browser and the underlying operating system will not give access to the user’s location information.

Important! The user has to,

1. Explicitly enable location services at operating system level.
2. Give permission for the browser to get location information.

In an earlier article we have seen about how to get geolocation with country by IP address using PHP.

function getLatLong() { // using the JavaScript GeoLocation API // to get the current position of the user // if checks for support of geolocation API if (navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition( function(currentPosition) { console.log(currentPosition)}, function(error) { console.log("Error: " + error.code)} ); } else { locationElement.innerHTML = "JavaScript Geolocation API is not supported by this browser."; }

}

JavaScript GeoLocation API’s getCurrentPosition() function

The below code is an extension of the quick example with Geo Location API. It has a UI that has control to call the JavaScript function to get the current position of the user.

The HTML code has the target to print the location coordinates returned by the API.

The JavaScript fetch callback parameter includes all the geolocation details. The callback function reads the latitude and longitude and shows them on the HTML target via JavaScript.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Get User Location from Browser with JavaScript</title>

<link rel='stylesheet' href='style.css' type='text/css' />

<link rel='stylesheet' href='form.css' type='text/css' />

</head>

<body> <div class="phppot-container"> <h1>Get User Location from Browser with JavaScript</h1> <p>This example uses JavaScript's GeoLocation API.</p> <p>Click below button to get your latitude and longitude coordinates.</p> <div class="row"> <button on‌click="getLatLong()">Get Lat Lng Location Coordinates</button> </div> <div class="row"> <p id="location"></p> </div> </div> <script> var locationElement = document.getElementById("location"); function getLatLong() { // using the JavaScript GeoLocation API // to get current position of the user // if checks for support of geolocation API if (navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition( displayLatLong, displayError); } else { locationElement.innerHTML = "JavaScript Geolocation API is not supported by this browser."; } } /** * displays the latitude and longitude from the current position * coordinates returned by the geolocation api. */ function displayLatLong(currentPosition) { locationElement.innerHTML = "Latitude: " + currentPosition.coords.latitude + "<br>Longitude: " + currentPosition.coords.longitude; } /** * displays error based on the error code received from the * JavaScript geolocation API */ function displayError(error) { switch (error.code) { case error.PERMISSION_DENIED: locationElement.innerHTML = "Permission denied by user to get location." break; case error.POSITION_UNAVAILABLE: locationElement.innerHTML = "Location position unavailable." break; case error.TIMEOUT: locationElement.innerHTML = "User location request timed out." break; case error.UNKNOWN_ERROR: locationElement.innerHTML = "Unknown error in getting location." break; } } </script>

</body>

</html>

In the above example script, we have a function for handing errors. It is important to include the function when getting user location via browser. Because, by default, the user’s permission settings will be disabled.

So most of the times, when this script is invoked, we will get errors. So we should have this handler declared and passed as a callback to the getCurrentPosition function. On error, JavaScript will call this error handler.

Geolocation API’s Output

Following is the output format returned by the JavaScript geolocation API. We will be predominantly using latitude and longitude from the result. ‘speed’ may be used when getting dynamic location of the user. We will be seeing about that also at the end of this tutorial.

{ coords = { latitude: 30.123456, longitude: 80.0253546, altitude: null, accuracy: 49, altitudeAccuracy: null, heading: null, speed: null, }, timestamp: 1231234897623
}

View Demo

User location by Geocoding

We can get the user’s location by passing the latitude and longitude like below. There are many different service providers available and below is an example using Google APIs.

const lookup = position => { const { latitude, longitude } = position.coords; fetch(`http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng=${latitude},${longitude}`) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => console.log(data)); //

}

Get dynamic user location from browser using watchPosition()

Here is an interesting part of the tutorial. How will get you a user’s dynamic location, that is when he is on the move.

We should use an another function of GeoLocation API to get dynamic location coordinates on the move. The function watchPosition() is used to do this via JavaScript.

To test this script, run it in a mobile browser while moving in a vehicle to get user’s dynamic location.

I have presented the code part that is of relevance below. You can get the complete script from the project zip, it’s free to download below.

var locationElement = document.getElementById("location"); function getLatLong() { // note the usage of watchPosition, this is the difference // this returns the dynamic user position from browser if (navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(displayLatLong, displayError); } else { locationElement.innerHTML = "JavaScript Geolocation API is not supported by this browser."; } }

View Demo Download

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Problem Formulation

Say, you’re me five minutes ago, and you want to create a Matplotlib plot using the following (genius) code snippet:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, axes = plt.subplots()

axes[0, 0].plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 8, 7])

plt.show()

If you run this code, instead of the desired plot, you get the following TypeError: 'AxesSubplot' object is not subscriptable:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\xcent\Desktop\code.py", line 4, in <module> axes[0, 0].plot([1, 2, 3], [5, 5, 5])

TypeError: 'AxesSubplot' object is not subscriptable

Question: How to resolve the TypeError: 'AxesSubplot' object is not subscriptable in your Python script?

Don’t panic! The solution is easier than you think…

Fix Not Subscriptable TypeError on ‘AxesSubplot’ Object

Generally, Python raises the TypeError XXX object is not subscriptable if you use indexing with the square bracket notation on an object that is not indexable. In this case, you tried to index an Axes object because you thought it was an array of Axes objects.

Let’s go over the code to understand why the error happened!

First, you assign the result of the plt.subplots() function to the two variables fig and axes.

fig, axes = plt.subplots()

If you don’t pass an argument in the plt.subplots() function, it creates a Figure with one Axes object.

So if you try to subscript using axes[0,0], axes[0], or any other indexing scheme, Python will raise an error. It’s simple: axes doesn’t hold a container type so it cannot be indexed using the square bracket notation!

So to fix the TypeError: 'AxesSubplot' object is not subscriptable, simply remove the indexing notation on the axes object obtained by plt.subplots() called without arguments.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, axes = plt.subplots()

axes.plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 8, 7]) # not: axes[0, 0]

plt.show()

Now it works — here’s the output:

What is the Reason for the Error?

However, this error is tough to spot because if you pass any other argument into the plt.subplot() function, it creates a Figure and a Numpy array of Subplot/Axes objects which you store in fig and axes respectively.

For example, this creates a non-subscriptable axes because you don’t pass any argument:

fig, axes = plt.subplots()

For example, this creates a subscriptable array of axes that is a one-dimensional array of subplots because you pass an argument:

fig, axes = plt.subplots(3)

For example, this creates a subscriptable array of axes that is a two-dimensional array of subplots because you passed two arguments

fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 2)

No wonder did you think that you can call axes[0,0] or axes[0] on the return value of the plt.subplot() function! However, doing so is only possible if you didn’t pass an argument into it.

Make sure you never run into similar errors by spending a couple of minutes understanding the plt.subplot() function once and for all!

Learn More about plt.subplot()

To further understand the subplots() function, check out our detailed guide on the Finxter blog and the following video:

Full Tutorial: Matplotlib Subplots – A Helpful Illustrated Guide

Best Solution to Print List Without Newline

To print all values of a Python list without the trailing newline character or line break, pass the end='' argument in your print() function call. Python will then avoid adding a newline character after the printed output. For example, the expression print(*[1, 2, 3], end='') will print without newline.

lst = [1, 2, 3]

print(*lst, end='')

# 1 2 3

If you print anything afterward, it’ll be added right to the list.

lst = [1, 2, 3]

print(*lst, end='')

print('hi')

# 1 2 3hi

This code snippet, short as it is, uses a couple of important Python features. Check out the following articles to learn more about them:

• The Asterisk Operator in Python (*)
• Python print() built-in function
• Print Without Newline

Print List Without Newline and With Separators

To print all values of a Python list without newline character pass the end='' argument in your print() function call. To overwrite the default empty space as a separator string, pass the sep=’…’ argument with your separator. For example, the expression print(*[1, 2, 3], sep='|', end='') will print without newline.

lst = [1, 2, 3]

print(*[1, 2, 3], sep='|', end='')

print('hi')

# 1|2|3hi

Also, check out the following video tutorial on printing something and using a separator and end argument:

Python Print Raw List Without Newline

If you don’t want to print the individual elements of the list but the overall list with square brackets and comma-separated, but you don’t want to print the newline character afterwards, the best way is to pass the list into the print() function along with the end='' argument such as in print([1, 2, 3], end='').

lst = [1, 2, 3]

print([1, 2, 3], end='')

print('hi')

# [1, 2, 3]hi