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Judge rules against forcing suspects to unlock phones with Touch ID or Face ID

 

US Magistrate Judge Virginia Demarchi is the latest to rule against forced use of biometrics by law enforcement, saying such systems come under the protection of the Fifth Amendment.

Using Touch ID to unlock an iPhone

Using Touch ID to unlock an iPhone

US Magistrate Judge Virginia Demarchi, of the Northern District of California, has ruled that unlocking a device such as an iPhone is “inherently testimonial.” She said it amounted to forcing incriminating testimony from an individual.

“Here, compelling an individual who is a target of the investigation to use his or her finger or face to unlock a device represents incriminating testimony within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment,” she said. Judge Demarchi also addressed the fact that law enforcement bodies are now repeatedly arguing a case that such unlocking is required.

“Several magistrate judges and district court judges across the country, as well as a few state courts, have recently addressed the specific question of whether compelled application of a biometric feature to an electronic device is a testimonial communication,” said Judge Demarchi.

“This Court agrees with those courts,” she continued, “that have concluded that requiring an individual to use a biometric feature to unlock an electronic device so that its contents may be accessed is an act of production that is inherently testimonial in the context of a criminal investigation.”

In her ruling, Judge Demarchi explained that such unlocking using biometrics implies certain points that are the equivalent of providing testimony.

“Because it amounts to an assertion of fact that the individual has the ability to unlock the device,” she said, “which in turn makes it more like that the individual locked the device and put the material sought by the warrant on the device.”

Judge Demarchi’s follows a similar case in Idaho in May this year and another California ruling in January.

However, also in May this year, a Massachusetts judge did grant a warrant to allow agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to compel a suspect to use Touch ID to unlock his iPhone.

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‘By Innovation Only’ new iPhone event, Apple saves Amazon, Frazier Spiers on the AppleInsider Podcast

 

Feature

This week on the AppleInsider Podcast, Victor and William talk about the By Innovation Only September event, Fraser Speirs joins to talk about Chromebooks for schools, and Apple saves the Amazon.

Apple's historic rainbow logo (left) next to the September event invitation image (right)

Apple’s historic rainbow logo (left) next to the September event invitation image (right)

AppleInsider editor Victor Marks and writer William Gallagher discuss:

  • By Innovation Only – the invites to the September 10th event have gone out. Are you getting a new iPhone?
  • Fraser Speirs, head teacher of Cedars School of Excellence talks about the 1:1 iPad program they ran for ten years, and why they’re switching to Chromebook
  • Apple releases iOS 13.1 beta before releasing 13.0 publicly. This is weird. We’re through the looking glass, people.
  • Glasgow schools are rolling out a huge 52,000 iPads program
  • Apple is working on improving Siri’s privacy protections and opt-out options.
  • Apple is putting up cash to help save the Amazon rainforests from fire destruction.

We like reader email —send us your comments and concerns!.

The show is available on iTunes and your favorite podcast apps by searching for “AppleInsider.” Click here to listen, subscribe, and don’t forget to rate our show.

Listen to the embedded SoundCloud feed below:

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Apple smart glasses or VR headset could use laser range finding, smart gloves

Apple is working on more ideas it could implement in its long-rumored virtual reality headset or augmented reality smart glasses, including a display technology using lasers to create an image in the user’s eye, along with magnet-laden gloves to give users finger-level control in the virtual world.

The Magic Leap One Lightwear AR goggles, an example of a headset.

The Magic Leap One Lightwear AR goggles, an example of a headset.

The rumors of Apple creating a form of VR or AR hardware have been around for a while, but while there has yet to be any publicly-accessible elements, aside from the implementation of ARKit for iOS devices and a demonstration of VR content rendered on a Mac, there is still evidence Apple is considering bringing a headset or system that departs considerably from what is available on the market.

In a patent application published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Thursday titled “Scanning Mirror Display Devices,” Apple envisions replacing the usual display panel within a VR headset with an alternate system involving lasers and mirrors.

Apple proposes the use of a laser light source that emits onto a waveguide, which can be diffracted and passed through to a mirror element within a scanning mirror system. A waveplate could change the polarization of the light as well, with the phasegrating potentially able to be set up to be polarization sensitive, preventing polarized light from being diffracted.

There is also the possibility of using a reflective polarizer interposed between the phasegrating and the waveguide to perform a similar function of switching between unfettered and diffracted light.

An illustration of how the light source could interact with other elements before being passed to the user's vision

An illustration of how the light source could interact with other elements before being passed to the user’s vision

Control circuitry can adjust the color of light emitted by the light source, while simultaneously controlling the two-dimensional scanning of the mirror element, which reflects light along a waveguide to an output coupler. This coupler then directs the light to an eye box, which the user looks into.

In short, lasers or other types of light will be reflected by a mirror into the user’s eye to create an image.

The output coupler could be made transparent, which would be useful for AR applications, as it would allow users a view of the real world and for the light to produce an overlay image.

In a second patent application titled “Magnetic Sensor Based Proximity Sensing,” Apple returns to the familiar concept of glove-based interactions with device. It is claimed magnetic sensing can be used to detect changes and disturbances in magnetic fields to measure the price location and positioning of a magnetic source, or the relative position of the sensor to said source.

For the purposes of input gloves, this effectively takes the form of a central magnetic source near the middle of the user’s hand, and sensors at the end of each of the fingertips.

Using electromagnetic coils to generate a magnetic field with a specific modulation, which is then demodulated by the magnetic sensors. The amplitude of the magnetic field after demodulation can be used to find the distance between the source and sensor, and by using multiple magnetic sources, this can allow for 3D positioning of the sensor to be determined.

A simplified version of the gloves, with a magnetic source in the middle, fingertip sensors, and the host device

A simplified version of the gloves, with a magnetic source in the middle, fingertip sensors, and the host device

For the glove, this could mean two separated magnetic sources across the back of the glove, or even adding a third in the palm of the hand to add an extra level of depth. By using inverse kinematics, the orientation, position, and angle of finger bones, as well as the tip, can be worked out.

It is reasoned the glove could also include a variety of other electronic components, including force touch sensors, actuators for haptic feedback, temperature sensors, and heaters, as well as communication systems and a battery.

Apple files numerous patent applications on a weekly bases, though while there is no guarantee that the concepts described will appear in a future product or service, it does at least show areas of interest for the company’s research and development efforts.

In the case of the gloves, Apple has a patent covering force-sensing garments, such as gloves that could provide a host device with data on how hard a user is pressing or gripping an item with multiple parts of a hand.

Another application in February suggested adding finger clamps that lightly squeezed the fingertips from the sides while typing. The idea is that the fingerpad would be forced out towards the surface more, cushioning the impact of a press or typing on a display, and giving a sense of haptic feedback.

For a headset, Apple has a wide variety of different patents and application filings relating to the display and other components used in its construction. In the case of the screen components, a “Foveated Display” can minimize the amount of processing required to update a screen by providing high-resolution and low-resolution data streams, with the headset selecting the optimal one to use based on the user’s gaze.

Apple has also explored the use of eye-tracking systems, thermal regulation, and even the use of an iPhone as a display for smart glasses.

It is even possible Apple has used lasers in one of its prototype headsets. An alleged incident report leaked in April 2017 indicates an employee was testing a prototype and required “medical treatment beyond first aid” after experiencing discomfort in an eye, a report that included the detail the subject was “able to see the laser flash at several points during the study.”

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Apple Music for Android beta adds Chromecast support, radio stations

 

The most recent version of the Apple Music beta app for Android has added Chromecast support, an often-requested feature by participants.

Streaming and radio stations in Google's Android, screenshots from Android Police

Streaming and radio stations in Google’s Android, screenshots from Android Police

The streaming addition comes very nearly three years after Apple officially released the Apple Music app on the Google Play store. Similar to how Apple Music on the iPad supports AirPlay speakers, a cast icon will appear in the app and the now playing pane.

Radio has been available in iTunes for some time. At WWDC, Apple revealed iOS 13 would include support for live radio, with over 100,000 different stations around the world available for listening, with additional support for iHeartRadio, TuneIn, and Radio.com.

The additions were first spotted by Android Police on Wednesday morning.

In March, analytics suggested that the Apple Music app had been installed on over 40 million Android devices worldwide. Most of those installations were in the U.S., about 28 percent. India was a distant second at 7 percent, followed by Great Britain, Brazil, and Russia and 6, 5, and 4 percent respectively.

It isn’t clear at present how many Android users are Apple Music subscribers.

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Virgin Australia bans all MacBook, MacBook Pro models from checked bags

 

Virgin Australia has updated its list of items banned from checked luggage on its flights to include MacBooks, with all models no longer permitted in the hold by the airline following the company’s global recall of some MacBook Pro varieties over battery concerns.

The update to the baggage policy takes the form of a warning on the airline’s “Dangerous Goods” page, with an additional notification at the top of the page advising of the change. While the ban applies to checked luggage, Virgin Australia does allow all MacBooks to be included in carry-on baggage.

The ban applies to “ALL Apple MacBooks,” indicating it covers every model of MacBook, MacBook Air, and MacBook Pro Apple sells, the notice spotted by MacPrices Australia reads. While there is no explanation as to why it is a blanket ban of Apple’s notebook lineup, it is likely a move to make it easier for customers and airline staff to manage, rather than to check whether that particular model is subject to the battery recall.

Virgin Australia’s policy change isn’t permanent either, as it advises it will be in force “until further notice.”

The warning on Virgin Australia's 'Dangerous Goods' baggage page

The warning on Virgin Australia’s ‘Dangerous Goods’ baggage page

The policy change by the airline follows a similar move implemented by the Federal Aviation Authority to instruct airlines to follow rules relating to products with recalled batteries. Under the 2016 regulation, affected devices are restricted on cargo planes, and as carry-on items on passenger flights.

US FAA agents are using USB-C ports to identify newer models. In practice, US officials are requiring any Retina MacBook Pro from 2012 to 2015 to be carried on instead of checked, and very few, if any, serial number checks are being made.

Apple’s battery recall was issued in June, and applies to mid-2015 15-inch MacBook Pro models sold between September 2015 and February 2017. According to the company, some units contain battery cells that have a chance of overheating, and “pose a fire safety risk.”

There have been some reports about battery failures in the models, including images shared by one designer of a hole in the base of his MacBook Pro following a battery failure. Meanwhile, Apple is also being sued by one New Jersey resident after they sustained “serious and permanent personal injuries” to their left leg, allegedly caused by the notebook and its charger.

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Lower iPhone production cost may help Apple absorb 10% tariff

 

Apple may be able to help offset the impact of December’s tariffs on the iPhone due to alterations in its production cost, JP Morgan believes, with the bill of materials per iPhone said to be lower for the upcoming 2019 models than for previous versions.

Tim Cook visiting a Foxconn plant in China

Tim Cook visiting a Foxconn plant in China

The ongoing trade war between the United States and China has, so far, not affected the iPhone, though one threat of a 10% tariff directly affecting electronics like the iPhone was close to being implemented, before being delayed until December. Due to the ongoing rising cost of importing goods to China, manufacturers like Apple have been working on ways to mitigate the extra charges and protect their revenues.

In a note to investors seen by AppleInsider, JP Morgan believes the primary lever for Apple to adjust the impact of the cost of the tariff is the production cost of the iPhone itself. Analysts believe the bill of materials has been reduced by between $30 and $50 per 2019 iPhone, which will enable Apple to absorb a large portion of the tariffs without affecting its US retail prices.

The need to keep prices the same is important, as “pricing power is higher given limited competition” for Apple in a number of areas, including AirPods, Apple Watch, and iPads. While estimates of a 10% tariff on the products would result in an 8% annualized earnings impact if Apple elected to completely absorb the tariff cost, JP Morgan believes “Apple has a silver lining from the decline in memory prices, which will likely offset a large portion of tariffs,” even if Apple kept pricing consistent relative to the 2018 models.

The lower cost of the bill of materials will affect all iPhones shipped globally, but would only offset the tariffs paid on roughly a third of total units, meaning Apple will still overall benefit from the reduced production cost.

The recent decision by China to apply tariffs on $75 billion worth of US goods did impact Apple’s share price on Friday, dipping down by 5%, but JP Morgan isn’t worried, as “the tariff standalone will have limited impact on Apple.”

For the US tariff, there has been some speculation by Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo that the company would absorb the cost of any tariffs, though it was unclear as to where that conclusion came from. There has also been the suggestion of Apple bringing more production out of China and into more markets for iPhones destined for US shores, but Apple CEO Tim Cook has warned not to rely on reports suggesting it would do so.

JP Morgan rates Apple as “Overweight,” and has a price target set at $243.

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Trump ‘regrets’ not applying tougher tariffs in China trade war

A clarification over an admission by President Donald Trump that he had “second thoughts” about his handling of the trade war with China suggests more could be in store, with the White House Press Secretary insisting Trump wanted to be tougher on the tariffs.

Pictured in a previous White House meeting. Left to right: Apple CEO Tim Cook, Trump, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos

Pictured in a previous White House meeting. Left to right: Apple CEO Tim Cook, Trump, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos

Attending the Group of Seven summit on Sunday, Trump was asked if he had “any second thoughts on escalating the trade war” with China, reports Bloomberg. Trump’s response was “Yeah, sure, why not?,” following up with “Might as well, might as well,” then admitting “I have second thoughts about everything.”

Later, White House Press Secretary Stephanie Grisham claims the headline-setting admission was misinterpreted by the media. Trump didn’t regret starting a trade war at all, but does have second thoughts about setting the tariff levels too low.

“The president was asked if he had ‘any second thought on escalating the trade war with China,” a statement from Grisham reads. “His answer has been greatly misinterpreted. President Trump responded in the affirmative – because he regrets not raising the tariffs higher.”

The question on regret was made following a communication made by Trump advising he intended to raise existing tariffs applied to approximately $250 billion worth of Chinese goods from 25% to 30% on October 1. A new tariff round on another $300 billion will start from September 1.

During the Group of Seven meeting, Trump was also asked if other nations in attendance were telling him to give up on the trade war entirely. Trump advised “No, not at all, I haven’t heard that at all.”

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson begged the differ, telling the media “Just to register the faint, sheep-like note of our view on the trade war, we’re in favor of trade peace on the whole, and dialing it down a beat.”

Along with the tariffs, Trump has recently stepped up his efforts in trying to win against China. On Friday, a series of tweets from the President claimed the United States has lost “trillions of dollars” to China over many years, that “We don’t need China,” and telling American firms they are “hereby ordered to immediately start looking for an alternative to China.”

The ongoing trade battle with China has led to numerous tariffs being applied to many items imported to the United States form the country. An initiative driven by President Trump, the latest addition to the list has been a 10% levy on electronics, one that has been postponed until December, and would affect important products like Apple’s iPhone.

Neither the China government nor Chinese companies pay the tariffs directly, despite what President Trump claims. The tariffs are applied to the companies importing the goods from China. In theory, the tariffs may decrease orders to Chinese companies, but they do not appear to be having that effect.

Consumers have already been impacted by prior rounds of tariffs. Wal-mart has already increased pricing as a result of previous tariffs, and Sony has said that it will pass on any tariffs to the US consumer.

Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo believes that Apple’s consumer-facing pricing isn’t going to change as a result of the tariffs. He believes that Apple will choose to absorb the pricing taking a hit to profits, rather than increase them as a response to the tariffs —but it isn’t clear what he bases his assumption on.

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Editorial: Free advertising for Apple Card isn’t coming from unit sales or market share

Apple Card is all over the news, in part because the physical legacy card it ships with can be scuffed up if you throw it in your jeans pocket with coins and keys. There are thousands of other card issuers globally that wish the inherently fragile nature of a pristine credit card was also capable of driving free global advertising of their brand as well. Why does Apple get so much free press?

Apple Card back

The physical Apple Card wears out, but not the digital experience that’s driving consumer attention

It’s not market share

Apple has extraordinary reach and market power—not unlike Microsoft Windows in the 1990s—but it doesn’t come from exercising a virtual monopoly over the sale of +90% of the software running the world’s computing devices. In fact, across the last decade of Apple’s rise to power with iOS, analysts and market research groups have been telling us as loudly as possible that Apple’s market share of units sold is dangerously flat or even shrinking. Often, it’s “waning” or “collapsing,” or some other dramatic term suggesting immediate demise for a company that just keeps getting stronger and more influential.

IDC has published bad data on Apple’s unit share, but even when close, none of it really mattered

Why is it so important that Apple is not selling more devices than the rest of the world combined? Actually, it’s quite clearly not important. While Apple is “outsold” in the unit sales of phones by Huawei and Samsung, and sometimes by other brands in specific markets (such as in China), the reality remains that Apple is selling the most premium devices to the valuable end of the market. This minority of the market is driving the development of the majority of the tech that is having a real impact. That, in turn, is driving commercial interest in Apple as a brand.

It’s impossible to argue that majority market share in unit sales shipments is not doing anything to drive interest for Samsung and Huawei phones or other their initiatives. Large volumes of low and middle-tier phones are establishing their brands as basic and cheap. While both brands currently hold a lead in certain areas over Apple, ranging from 5G modems to screen size variants, the reality is that the largest Android licensees have always held various inconsequential leads over Apple at various times over the last decade, including 4G and 3G before it. Yet this has never mattered before.

The two ultra premium-class products making the most original feature leap in smartphones this year were the foldable phone-tablets introduced by Samsung and Huawei. Yet they were both delayed for months, squandering their potential to captivate any real interest among consumers during the sleepy period between iPhone launches. Both represented a lot of work for nothing in 2019.

Market share and vast unit sales didn’t do much of anything to establish the success of Huawei and Samsung to deliver a foldable display device. What both companies needed—and failed to deliver—was competency in implementation, not vast unit sales of cheap alternatives. Competency in implementation is what Apple has been successfully achieving across a series of product launches from iPad Pro to Apple Watch to AirPods. All have been very successful while retaining and attracting new interest in Apple as a brand.

Interest in Apple is why the vast volumes of phones from Huawei and Samsung are desperately trying to look like an iPhone. Yet those companies have not attracted significant proprietary app development despite their efforts to do this. Neither has successfully launched new companion wearables like Apple Watch or AirPods, and neither has competently introduced new Services fueling the extraordinary growth Apple has seen from its App Store, iCloud, and other new Services offerings—including the new Apple Card attracting an unusual level of attention, given that it is merely a credit card with some clever new app features.

Apple’s “market share” wanes every time a new cloner dumps out a huge volume of devices, whether $250 Androids or $30 WiFi mics or $13 activity bands. Yet Apple Card is demonstrating that Apple doesn’t need to sell the most devices to get an unusual level of attention for its latest initiatives.

Competency in implementation

Bloggers tasked with generating attention-grabbing clickbait desperately work to invent problems for Apple. Just on its own, the Forbes Contributor Network has been shoveling out daily missives from bile factories who scream out shrill headlines along the lines of “The Next iPhone is Ugly and Will Make You Sad,” or “A New Apple Software Update Patches a Demonic Software Vulnerability Threatening to Kick Open The Gates of Hell and Eat Your Children’s Faces,” or “I Used an Android and it Made Me Want to Send Back my iPhone but I Couldn’t Because of iMessage.”

Yet after a decade of heavy leakage from FCN and ZDNet and other venues with a general contempt for all things Apple, these writers have had zero real impact on the public perception of Apple among people who matter commercially. Rather than stoking fear and distrust of Apple among consumers who pay for high-end products, writers like Adrian Kingsley-Hughes have accomplished nothing but making themselves look like fools with no finger on the pulse of where technology was going or what would matter to consumers.

One of his latest screeds for ZDNet announced, “Testing Android smartphones has made my iPhone feel old and slow.” That raises the curious question of why a guy who breathes out nothing but sulfur and brimstone about Apple a) uses an iPhone as his principle phone and b) is only “testing” alternatives that are supposedly so much newer and faster.

“Over the past few weeks,” he just wrote in 2019—ten years after Android appeared—that “I’ve been using Android handsets more and more, and I’ve discovered that devices that are less than half the price of the iPhone are faster, better, and more fun to use.”

Except that he’s been using Android phones and Windows netbooks as much as possible for a decade now and he still has an iPhone. He gushes over a Xiaomi Mi 9, a phone that isn’t selling well, claiming it has all sorts of technical advantages over an iPhone despite running a slower Qualcomm chip and being packed with RAM that Android just doesn’t do a good job of managing. The idea that customers are flocking to Xaiomi from iPhones is actually just some Wall Street Journal fake news from 2014.

It’s hard to take this craziness seriously. Every Android fan knows that since Xaiomi dumped, Oppo was the new thing, then somebody else, and now Huawei. He then calls attention to a no-name Android with poor specs but a rugged case, arguing that specs don’t matter if the price is right. Which is it?

The reality is, consumers are paying a premium for iPhones that just work, run their latest apps, launch apps quickly, and don’t require manually killing apps to manage memory. They care about being able to send iMessage chats to a group with proper rendering all around, sharing photos via AirDrop, connecting to their other devices using Continuity, and all of the other seamless integrations that Android licensees just don’t competently implement on a similar level.

Clickbait questioning why anyone would buy an iPhone, answered by the Apple Card experience

Overshadowing his anti-iPhone native ad for anything Android, ZDNet featured a different article from Jason Perlow: ‘Insanely great’ Apple Card is a few features away from conquering everything. This extensive feature on Apple Card detailed another reason why people will be buying iPhones, not cheap Androids: deep integration between hardware and software that delivers a competent implementation of the ordinary credit card with new features that improve and enhance the experience of making transactions.

Apple Card is attracting tremendous levels of attention because the billion pockets that have invested in iOS, iPhones, iPad, Macs, Apple Watch, AirPods and other Apple devices are already sold on the idea that Apple will probably do a tremendous job in making some other corner of their life easier, more enjoyable, faster and smarter in the same way the App Store, iMessage, Continuity and other features already have.

Apple Card reports

Anything you buy with Apple Card via Apple Pay is presented in a summary of your finances

Imagine Google or Samsung introducing a new credit card. Both companies have already invested tons of resources into their versions of contactless payment systems, but neither has achieved the global success Apple Pay has. That comes despite the massive unit volumes of Samsung and the supposed overwhelming market share of Android that Google ostensibly has some influence over.

Even with its “minority” market share and units sales that are lower than Samsung or Huawei, Apple is again leading the world in another initiative to improve the humble credit card.

Apple has already excelled with its implementation of Apple Pay, which works seamlessly from iPhones to Apple Watch to Macs, and is now adding Apple Card as a preferred way to manage your finances and payment to reduce fees and interest payments while earning daily cash back.

It’s pretty clear that market share and unit volumes did not win in smartphones, are not winning in wearables or Services, and will not be winning in the future of new devices and services that cater to customers who want a competent implementation, not a cheap knockoff of a known brand.

Apple Card is merely the latest proof.

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HomePod now available for purchase in Japan and Taiwan

 

Apple has launched the HomePod in Japan and Taiwan, giving Apple fans the chance to snag the smart speaker for themselves.

Apple HomePod

The HomePod is now available to purchase in both Japan and Taiwan, following an announcement made on August 15.

Buyers can pick up their own HomePod either in brick-and-mortar Apple Stores, or purchase them from select mobile phone retailers.

In Japan, the HomePod retails for 32,800 yen ($310), and in Taiwan for NT$9,900 ($315). Users can purchase a HomePod in ether white or Space Gray.

When announced, the Japanese press release mentioned popular artists such as Aimyon and One OK Rock, whose music would be available to stream from Apple Music. Also mentioned are regional playlists, such as Apple Music’s Top 100: Japan.

The smart speaker debuted in the U.S., UK, and Australia in February 2018, a half-year after being shown at Apple’s World Wide Developer Conference. Since then, Apple has expanded availability to China, Hong Kong, Canada, France, Germany, Mexico, and Spain.

The HomePod is on track to receive some notable upgrades this fall with the release of iOS 13. The update list includes multi-user voice recognition, enhanced Shortcuts integration, and song Handoff with iPhone.

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Like Apple Music, Spotify now offers a three month premium trial

 

Spotify has extended the free-trial period it offers for Spotify Premium from one month to three, the default length of Apple’s free trial for Apple Music.

Streaming giant Spotify is now offering three free months to anyone who has yet to try their service, according to a news post on their site.

“Beginning August 22, eligible users will receive the first three months on us for free when they sign up for any Spotify Premium plan,” says Spotify in a statement about the new trial. “You’ll unlock a world of on-demand access to millions of hours of audio content—no matter when you sign up, winter, spring, summer, or fall.”

The trial period currently only extends to individual and student plans and will roll out across Duo and Family in the coming months. The trial doesn’t extend to Headspace or anyone who is billed directly through their carrier, with the exception of those in Japan, Australia, China, and Germany.

Apple has been offering free three-month trials to Apple Music since it’s inception, though they may begin limiting their trial to one month. Apple had learned artists are wary of lengthy trial periods when Taylor Swift protested the three-month trial by withholding her album 1989 from the service. The protest earned artists the ability to be paid for track and album streams through the free trial period.

Students who sign up for Apple Music can get a free six-month trial by visiting Apple’s Support Page. After the trial ends, students pay $4.99 a month to continue their subscription until graduation, which works out to be about half the price of a standard subscription.

Like most other paid music subscriptions, Spotify Premium offers users the ability to listen ad-free, download music to their device, create playlists, skip tracks, and toggle between devices when listening.