11-30-2022, 09:32 PM
Python Convert Hex to Base64
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<div class="kksr-legend" style="font-size: 19.2px;"> 5/5 – (1 vote) </div>
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<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4ac.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Question</strong>: How to convert a hexadecimal string such as <code>02af01ff00</code> to a normal string using the Base64 format in Python?</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="682" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-309-1024x682.png" alt="" class="wp-image-937206" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-309-1024x682.png 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...00x200.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...68x512.png 768w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...ge-309.png 1354w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f449.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Short answer</strong>: Use the following fancy one-liner expression to convert the hex string <code>s</code> to a Base64-encoded Python string: <code>base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode()</code>.</p>
<p>For the long answer, keep reading! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f978.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<p>If you’re like me, you may need a quick refresher on <strong>how Base64 encoding works</strong> and what it is exactly. Although I studied computer science a couple of years ago, I don’t have all those super basic “bits” of knowledge at the top of my head all the time.</p>
<p>You may already know about Base64 — in that case, I’d recommend you skip the next section and jump ahead right away. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<h2>What Is Base64 Encoding?</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">Base64 is a very minimal encoding where a minimal set of characters — <code>A-Z</code>, <code>a-z</code>, and <code>0-9</code>, essentially — are encoded using only six bits. Each bit position doubles the number of different encodings, so the Base64 encoding can encode <strong>2*2*2*2*2*2 = 2^6 = 64</strong> different characters. </p>
<p>Here’s the whole table — fortunately, the encoding is small and efficient enough that I can show you the whole thing! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f92f.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </p>
<p><em>(And, no, Emojis don’t have any place in Base64, it’s VERY old school!)</em></p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Index</th>
<th>Binary</th>
<th>Char</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>0</td>
<td>000000</td>
<td>A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>000001</td>
<td>B</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>000010</td>
<td>C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>000011</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>000100</td>
<td>E</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>000101</td>
<td>F</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>000110</td>
<td>G</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>000111</td>
<td>H</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td>001000</td>
<td>I</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td>001001</td>
<td>J</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td>001010</td>
<td>K</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>11</td>
<td>001011</td>
<td>L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12</td>
<td>001100</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>001101</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>14</td>
<td>001110</td>
<td>O</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>15</td>
<td>001111</td>
<td>P</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>16</td>
<td>010000</td>
<td>Q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>17</td>
<td>010001</td>
<td>R</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td>010010</td>
<td>S</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>010011</td>
<td>T</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20</td>
<td>010100</td>
<td>U</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td>010101</td>
<td>V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>22</td>
<td>010110</td>
<td>W</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td>010111</td>
<td>X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>24</td>
<td>011000</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>25</td>
<td>011001</td>
<td>Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>26</td>
<td>011010</td>
<td>a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>27</td>
<td>011011</td>
<td>b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>28</td>
<td>011100</td>
<td>c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>29</td>
<td>011101</td>
<td>d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>30</td>
<td>011110</td>
<td>e</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>31</td>
<td>011111</td>
<td>f</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>32</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>33</td>
<td>100001</td>
<td>h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>34</td>
<td>100010</td>
<td>i</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>35</td>
<td>100011</td>
<td>j</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>36</td>
<td>100100</td>
<td>k</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>37</td>
<td>100101</td>
<td>l</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>38</td>
<td>100110</td>
<td>m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>39</td>
<td>100111</td>
<td>n</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>40</td>
<td>101000</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>41</td>
<td>101001</td>
<td>p</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>42</td>
<td>101010</td>
<td>q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>43</td>
<td>101011</td>
<td>r</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>44</td>
<td>101100</td>
<td>s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>45</td>
<td>101101</td>
<td>t</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>46</td>
<td>101110</td>
<td>u</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>47</td>
<td>101111</td>
<td>v</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>48</td>
<td>110000</td>
<td>w</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>49</td>
<td>110001</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50</td>
<td>110010</td>
<td>y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>51</td>
<td>110011</td>
<td>z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>52</td>
<td>110100</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>53</td>
<td>110101</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>54</td>
<td>110110</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>55</td>
<td>110111</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>56</td>
<td>111000</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>57</td>
<td>111001</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>58</td>
<td>111010</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>59</td>
<td>111011</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>60</td>
<td>111100</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>61</td>
<td>111101</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>62</td>
<td>111110</td>
<td>+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>63</td>
<td>111111</td>
<td>/</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td><strong>Index</strong></td>
<td><strong>Binary</strong></td>
<td><strong>Character</strong></td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</figure>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f30d.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Recommended Tutorial</strong>: <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-base64/" data-type="post" data-id="327003" target="_blank">Python Base64 – String Encoding and Decoding [+Video]</a></p>
<h2>How to Convert Base64 Encoding (Hex String) to Human-Readable String in Python?</h2>
<p>You can convert a hex string of the format <code>'02af01ff00'</code> to a Base64 encoded normal Python string by using the expression: </p>
<p><code>base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode()</code></p>
<p>You can convert the resulting Base64 string back to a normal string by using the one-liner expression:</p>
<p><code>base64.b64decode(b64.encode()).hex()</code></p>
<p>Here’s a code example—I’ll break it down for you right after the code:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="6" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import base64 s = '02af01ff00' # hex string -> base64 string
b64 = base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode() # base64 string -> hex string
s2 = base64.b64decode(b64.encode()).hex() print(s)
print(b64)
print(s2)
</pre>
<p>The output shows that you successfully converte from the hex string to the Base64 string and back to the hex string:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>02af01ff00
Aq8B/wA=
02af01ff00</code></pre>
<p>You can see that the start and end values of the conversion remain the same.</p>
<p>Let’s break down the code step by step!</p>
<p><strong>Step 1</strong>: The initial hex string is still in a non-standardized format <code>'02af01ff00'</code>. We require it to be a <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-bytes-vs-bytearray/" data-type="post" data-id="870390" target="_blank">bytes</a></code> object because this is the required input format of the <code>base64</code> functions shown in a moment. You use the <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-convert-hex-string-to-binary/" data-type="post" data-id="847708" target="_blank">bytes.fromhex()</a></code> function.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="2" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> s = '02af01ff00'
>>> bytes.fromhex(s)
b'\x02\xaf\x01\xff\x00'</pre>
<p><strong>Step 2</strong>: You use the <code>base64.b64encode()</code> function to take the hex string (as <code>bytes</code> object) and convert it to a <code>bytes</code> object in Base64 encoding. This is almost what you want — but it’s not yet a normal Python string!</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="1" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s))
b'Aq8B/wA='</pre>
<p><strong>Step 3</strong>: To convert the <code>bytes</code> object in Base64 encoding to a normal Python string, we use the <code>bytes.decode()</code> method.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="1" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode() 'Aq8B/wA='</pre>
<p>Voilà, exactly what you wanted! But how to convert it back?</p>
<p><strong>Step 4 and 5</strong>: You can convert the normal Base64-encoded Python string back to the hex string from the beginning by using the <code>string.encode()</code> method to obtain a <code>bytes</code> object, passing it into the <code>base64.b64decode()</code> function to obtain a Base64 <code>bytes</code> representation, and converting it to a hexadecimal string by using the <code><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-convert-hex-string-to-bytes-in-python/" data-type="post" data-id="843354" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bytes.hex()</a></code> method.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> base64.b64decode('Aq8B/wA='.encode())
b'\x02\xaf\x01\xff\x00'
>>> base64.b64decode('Aq8B/wA='.encode()).hex() '02af01ff00'</pre>
<h2>Thanks <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/2764.png" alt="❤" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></h2>
<p>Thanks for reading through the whole tutorial, I hope you managed to solve your issue! If not, you can check out <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/63595341/16045637" data-type="URL" data-id="https://stackoverflow.com/a/63595341/16045637" target="_blank">this</a> highly interesting SO answer.</p>
<p>Also, make sure to check out our free Python cheat sheets for maximal learning efficiency and fun! </p>
</div>
https://www.sickgaming.net/blog/2022/11/...to-base64/
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<div class="kksr-legend" style="font-size: 19.2px;"> 5/5 – (1 vote) </div>
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<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4ac.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Question</strong>: How to convert a hexadecimal string such as <code>02af01ff00</code> to a normal string using the Base64 format in Python?</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="682" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-309-1024x682.png" alt="" class="wp-image-937206" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-309-1024x682.png 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...00x200.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...68x512.png 768w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...ge-309.png 1354w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</div>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f449.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Short answer</strong>: Use the following fancy one-liner expression to convert the hex string <code>s</code> to a Base64-encoded Python string: <code>base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode()</code>.</p>
<p>For the long answer, keep reading! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f978.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<p>If you’re like me, you may need a quick refresher on <strong>how Base64 encoding works</strong> and what it is exactly. Although I studied computer science a couple of years ago, I don’t have all those super basic “bits” of knowledge at the top of my head all the time.</p>
<p>You may already know about Base64 — in that case, I’d recommend you skip the next section and jump ahead right away. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<h2>What Is Base64 Encoding?</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">Base64 is a very minimal encoding where a minimal set of characters — <code>A-Z</code>, <code>a-z</code>, and <code>0-9</code>, essentially — are encoded using only six bits. Each bit position doubles the number of different encodings, so the Base64 encoding can encode <strong>2*2*2*2*2*2 = 2^6 = 64</strong> different characters. </p>
<p>Here’s the whole table — fortunately, the encoding is small and efficient enough that I can show you the whole thing! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f92f.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </p>
<p><em>(And, no, Emojis don’t have any place in Base64, it’s VERY old school!)</em></p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Index</th>
<th>Binary</th>
<th>Char</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>0</td>
<td>000000</td>
<td>A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>000001</td>
<td>B</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>000010</td>
<td>C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>000011</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>000100</td>
<td>E</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>000101</td>
<td>F</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>000110</td>
<td>G</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>000111</td>
<td>H</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td>001000</td>
<td>I</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td>001001</td>
<td>J</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td>001010</td>
<td>K</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>11</td>
<td>001011</td>
<td>L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12</td>
<td>001100</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>001101</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>14</td>
<td>001110</td>
<td>O</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>15</td>
<td>001111</td>
<td>P</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>16</td>
<td>010000</td>
<td>Q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>17</td>
<td>010001</td>
<td>R</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td>010010</td>
<td>S</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>010011</td>
<td>T</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20</td>
<td>010100</td>
<td>U</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td>010101</td>
<td>V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>22</td>
<td>010110</td>
<td>W</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td>010111</td>
<td>X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>24</td>
<td>011000</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>25</td>
<td>011001</td>
<td>Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>26</td>
<td>011010</td>
<td>a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>27</td>
<td>011011</td>
<td>b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>28</td>
<td>011100</td>
<td>c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>29</td>
<td>011101</td>
<td>d</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>30</td>
<td>011110</td>
<td>e</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>31</td>
<td>011111</td>
<td>f</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>32</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>33</td>
<td>100001</td>
<td>h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>34</td>
<td>100010</td>
<td>i</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>35</td>
<td>100011</td>
<td>j</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>36</td>
<td>100100</td>
<td>k</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>37</td>
<td>100101</td>
<td>l</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>38</td>
<td>100110</td>
<td>m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>39</td>
<td>100111</td>
<td>n</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>40</td>
<td>101000</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>41</td>
<td>101001</td>
<td>p</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>42</td>
<td>101010</td>
<td>q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>43</td>
<td>101011</td>
<td>r</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>44</td>
<td>101100</td>
<td>s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>45</td>
<td>101101</td>
<td>t</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>46</td>
<td>101110</td>
<td>u</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>47</td>
<td>101111</td>
<td>v</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>48</td>
<td>110000</td>
<td>w</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>49</td>
<td>110001</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50</td>
<td>110010</td>
<td>y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>51</td>
<td>110011</td>
<td>z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>52</td>
<td>110100</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>53</td>
<td>110101</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>54</td>
<td>110110</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>55</td>
<td>110111</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>56</td>
<td>111000</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>57</td>
<td>111001</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>58</td>
<td>111010</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>59</td>
<td>111011</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>60</td>
<td>111100</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>61</td>
<td>111101</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>62</td>
<td>111110</td>
<td>+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>63</td>
<td>111111</td>
<td>/</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td><strong>Index</strong></td>
<td><strong>Binary</strong></td>
<td><strong>Character</strong></td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</figure>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f30d.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Recommended Tutorial</strong>: <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-base64/" data-type="post" data-id="327003" target="_blank">Python Base64 – String Encoding and Decoding [+Video]</a></p>
<h2>How to Convert Base64 Encoding (Hex String) to Human-Readable String in Python?</h2>
<p>You can convert a hex string of the format <code>'02af01ff00'</code> to a Base64 encoded normal Python string by using the expression: </p>
<p><code>base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode()</code></p>
<p>You can convert the resulting Base64 string back to a normal string by using the one-liner expression:</p>
<p><code>base64.b64decode(b64.encode()).hex()</code></p>
<p>Here’s a code example—I’ll break it down for you right after the code:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="6" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import base64 s = '02af01ff00' # hex string -> base64 string
b64 = base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode() # base64 string -> hex string
s2 = base64.b64decode(b64.encode()).hex() print(s)
print(b64)
print(s2)
</pre>
<p>The output shows that you successfully converte from the hex string to the Base64 string and back to the hex string:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>02af01ff00
Aq8B/wA=
02af01ff00</code></pre>
<p>You can see that the start and end values of the conversion remain the same.</p>
<p>Let’s break down the code step by step!</p>
<p><strong>Step 1</strong>: The initial hex string is still in a non-standardized format <code>'02af01ff00'</code>. We require it to be a <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-bytes-vs-bytearray/" data-type="post" data-id="870390" target="_blank">bytes</a></code> object because this is the required input format of the <code>base64</code> functions shown in a moment. You use the <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-convert-hex-string-to-binary/" data-type="post" data-id="847708" target="_blank">bytes.fromhex()</a></code> function.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="2" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> s = '02af01ff00'
>>> bytes.fromhex(s)
b'\x02\xaf\x01\xff\x00'</pre>
<p><strong>Step 2</strong>: You use the <code>base64.b64encode()</code> function to take the hex string (as <code>bytes</code> object) and convert it to a <code>bytes</code> object in Base64 encoding. This is almost what you want — but it’s not yet a normal Python string!</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="1" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s))
b'Aq8B/wA='</pre>
<p><strong>Step 3</strong>: To convert the <code>bytes</code> object in Base64 encoding to a normal Python string, we use the <code>bytes.decode()</code> method.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="1" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode() 'Aq8B/wA='</pre>
<p>Voilà, exactly what you wanted! But how to convert it back?</p>
<p><strong>Step 4 and 5</strong>: You can convert the normal Base64-encoded Python string back to the hex string from the beginning by using the <code>string.encode()</code> method to obtain a <code>bytes</code> object, passing it into the <code>base64.b64decode()</code> function to obtain a Base64 <code>bytes</code> representation, and converting it to a hexadecimal string by using the <code><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-convert-hex-string-to-bytes-in-python/" data-type="post" data-id="843354" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bytes.hex()</a></code> method.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> base64.b64decode('Aq8B/wA='.encode())
b'\x02\xaf\x01\xff\x00'
>>> base64.b64decode('Aq8B/wA='.encode()).hex() '02af01ff00'</pre>
<h2>Thanks <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/2764.png" alt="❤" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></h2>
<p>Thanks for reading through the whole tutorial, I hope you managed to solve your issue! If not, you can check out <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/63595341/16045637" data-type="URL" data-id="https://stackoverflow.com/a/63595341/16045637" target="_blank">this</a> highly interesting SO answer.</p>
<p>Also, make sure to check out our free Python cheat sheets for maximal learning efficiency and fun! </p>
</div>
https://www.sickgaming.net/blog/2022/11/...to-base64/