12-08-2022, 01:23 PM
How to Convert an Octal Escape Sequence in Python – And Vice Versa?
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<div class="kksr-legend" style="font-size: 19.2px;"> 5/5 – (1 vote) </div>
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<p>This tutorial will show you how to convert an </p>
<ul>
<li><strong>octal escape sequence</strong> to a <strong>Python string</strong>, and a</li>
<li><strong>Python string</strong> to an <strong>octal escape sequence</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<p>But let’s quickly recap what an octal escape sequence is in the first place! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="894" height="596" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107.png" alt="" class="wp-image-958440" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107.png 894w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...00x200.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...68x512.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>This is you and your friend celebrating after having solved this problem! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f973.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></em></figcaption></figure>
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<h2>What Is An Octal Escape Sequence?<img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></h2>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background">An <strong>Octal Escape Sequence</strong> is a backslash followed by 1-3 octal digits (<code>0-7</code>) such as <code>\150</code> which encodes the ASCII character <code>'h'</code>. Each octal escape sequence encodes one character (except invalid octal sequence <code>\000</code>). You can chain together multiple octal escape sequences to obtain a word.</p>
<h2>Problem Formulation</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4ac.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Question</strong>: How to convert an octal escape sequence to a string and vice versa in Python?</p>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Octal</th>
<th>String</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>\101 <code>\</code>102 <code>\</code>103</code></td>
<td><code>'ABC'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><code>\</code>101 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>102 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>103</code></td>
<td><code>'A B C'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\141 <code>\</code>142 <code>\</code>143</code></td>
<td><code>'abc'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\150 <code>\</code>145 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>157</code></td>
<td><code>'hello'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\150 <code>\</code>145 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>157 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>167 <code>\</code>157 <code>\</code>162 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>144</code></td>
<td><code>'hello world'</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
<h2>Python Octal to String Built-In Conversion</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">You don’t need to “convert” an octal escape sequence to a Unicode string if you already have it represented by a bytes object. Python automatically resolves the encoding.</p>
<p>See here:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> b'\101\102\103'
b'ABC'
>>> b'101\040\102\040\103'
b'101 B C'
>>> b'\101\040\102\040\103'
b'A B C'
>>> b'\141\142\143'
b'abc'
>>> b'\150\145\154\154\157'
b'hello'
>>> b'\150\145\154\154\157\040\167\157\162\154\144'
b'hello world'</pre>
<h2>Python Octal to String Explicit Conversion</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">The <code>bytes.decode('unicode-escape')</code> function converts a given <code>bytes</code> object represented by an (octal) escape sequence to a Python string. For example, <code>br'\101'.decode('unicode-escape')</code> yields the Unicode (string) character <code>'A'</code>.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def octal_to_string(x): ''' Converts an octal escape sequence to a string''' return x.decode('unicode-escape')</pre>
<p><strong>Example</strong>: Convert the octal representations presented above:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">octals = [br'\101\102\103', br'\101\040\102\040\103', br'\141\142\143', br'\150\145\154\154\157', br'\150\145\154\154\157\040\167\157\162\154\144'] for octal in octals: print(octal_to_string(octal)) </pre>
<p>This leads to the following expected output:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>ABC
A B C
abc
hello
hello world</code></pre>
</p>
<h2>Python String to Octal</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">To convert a Python string to an octal escape sequence representation, iterate over each character <code>c</code> and convert it to an octal escape sequence using <code>oct(ord©)</code>. </p>
<p>The result uses octal representation such as <code>'0o123'</code>. You can do string manipulation, such as <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/introduction-to-slicing-in-python/" data-type="post" data-id="731" target="_blank">slicing</a> and <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/daily-python-puzzle-string-concatenation/" data-type="post" data-id="93">string concatenation</a>, to bring it into the final version <code>'\123'</code>, for instance.</p>
<p>Here’s the function that converts string to octal escape sequence format:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def string_to_octal(x): ''' Converts a string to an octal escape sequence''' return '\\' + '\\'.join(oct(ord©)[2:] for c in x)</pre>
<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Background</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-ord-function/" data-type="post" data-id="21913" target="_blank">ord()</a></code> function takes a character (=string of length one) as an input and returns the Unicode number of this character. For example, <code>ord('a')</code> returns the Unicode number <code>97</code>. The inverse function of <code>ord()</code> is the <code>chr()</code> function, so <code>chr(ord('a'))</code> returns the original character <code>'a'</code>.</li>
<li>The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-oct-function/" data-type="post" data-id="24365" target="_blank">oct()</a></code> function takes one integer argument and returns an octal string with prefix <code>"0o"</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Let’s check how our strings can be converted to the octal escape sequence representation using this function:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">strings = ['ABC', 'A B C', 'abc', 'hello', 'hello world'] for s in strings: print(string_to_octal(s))</pre>
<p>And here’s the expected output:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>\101\102\103
\101\40\102\40\103
\141\142\143
\150\145\154\154\157
\150\145\154\154\157\40\167\157\162\154\144</code></pre>
<p>If you don’t like the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://pythononeliners.com/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://pythononeliners.com/" target="_blank">one-liner</a> solution provided above, feel free to use this multi-liner instead that may be easier to read:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def string_to_octal(x): ''' Converts a string to an octal escape sequence''' result = '' for c in x: result += '\\' + oct(ord©)[2:] return result</pre>
<p>If you want to train your Python one-liner skills instead, check out my book! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
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<p>By the end of the book, you’ll know how to <strong><em>write Python at its most refined</em></strong>, and create concise, beautiful pieces of “Python art” in merely a single line.</p>
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<div class="kksr-legend" style="font-size: 19.2px;"> 5/5 – (1 vote) </div>
</div>
<p>This tutorial will show you how to convert an </p>
<ul>
<li><strong>octal escape sequence</strong> to a <strong>Python string</strong>, and a</li>
<li><strong>Python string</strong> to an <strong>octal escape sequence</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<p>But let’s quickly recap what an octal escape sequence is in the first place! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="894" height="596" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107.png" alt="" class="wp-image-958440" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107.png 894w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...00x200.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uplo...68x512.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>This is you and your friend celebrating after having solved this problem! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f973.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></em></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<h2>What Is An Octal Escape Sequence?<img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></h2>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background">An <strong>Octal Escape Sequence</strong> is a backslash followed by 1-3 octal digits (<code>0-7</code>) such as <code>\150</code> which encodes the ASCII character <code>'h'</code>. Each octal escape sequence encodes one character (except invalid octal sequence <code>\000</code>). You can chain together multiple octal escape sequences to obtain a word.</p>
<h2>Problem Formulation</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4ac.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Question</strong>: How to convert an octal escape sequence to a string and vice versa in Python?</p>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Octal</th>
<th>String</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>\101 <code>\</code>102 <code>\</code>103</code></td>
<td><code>'ABC'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><code>\</code>101 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>102 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>103</code></td>
<td><code>'A B C'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\141 <code>\</code>142 <code>\</code>143</code></td>
<td><code>'abc'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\150 <code>\</code>145 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>157</code></td>
<td><code>'hello'</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\150 <code>\</code>145 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>157 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>167 <code>\</code>157 <code>\</code>162 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>144</code></td>
<td><code>'hello world'</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
<h2>Python Octal to String Built-In Conversion</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">You don’t need to “convert” an octal escape sequence to a Unicode string if you already have it represented by a bytes object. Python automatically resolves the encoding.</p>
<p>See here:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> b'\101\102\103'
b'ABC'
>>> b'101\040\102\040\103'
b'101 B C'
>>> b'\101\040\102\040\103'
b'A B C'
>>> b'\141\142\143'
b'abc'
>>> b'\150\145\154\154\157'
b'hello'
>>> b'\150\145\154\154\157\040\167\157\162\154\144'
b'hello world'</pre>
<h2>Python Octal to String Explicit Conversion</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">The <code>bytes.decode('unicode-escape')</code> function converts a given <code>bytes</code> object represented by an (octal) escape sequence to a Python string. For example, <code>br'\101'.decode('unicode-escape')</code> yields the Unicode (string) character <code>'A'</code>.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def octal_to_string(x): ''' Converts an octal escape sequence to a string''' return x.decode('unicode-escape')</pre>
<p><strong>Example</strong>: Convert the octal representations presented above:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">octals = [br'\101\102\103', br'\101\040\102\040\103', br'\141\142\143', br'\150\145\154\154\157', br'\150\145\154\154\157\040\167\157\162\154\144'] for octal in octals: print(octal_to_string(octal)) </pre>
<p>This leads to the following expected output:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>ABC
A B C
abc
hello
hello world</code></pre>
</p>
<h2>Python String to Octal</h2>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">To convert a Python string to an octal escape sequence representation, iterate over each character <code>c</code> and convert it to an octal escape sequence using <code>oct(ord©)</code>. </p>
<p>The result uses octal representation such as <code>'0o123'</code>. You can do string manipulation, such as <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/introduction-to-slicing-in-python/" data-type="post" data-id="731" target="_blank">slicing</a> and <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/daily-python-puzzle-string-concatenation/" data-type="post" data-id="93">string concatenation</a>, to bring it into the final version <code>'\123'</code>, for instance.</p>
<p>Here’s the function that converts string to octal escape sequence format:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def string_to_octal(x): ''' Converts a string to an octal escape sequence''' return '\\' + '\\'.join(oct(ord©)[2:] for c in x)</pre>
<p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Background</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-ord-function/" data-type="post" data-id="21913" target="_blank">ord()</a></code> function takes a character (=string of length one) as an input and returns the Unicode number of this character. For example, <code>ord('a')</code> returns the Unicode number <code>97</code>. The inverse function of <code>ord()</code> is the <code>chr()</code> function, so <code>chr(ord('a'))</code> returns the original character <code>'a'</code>.</li>
<li>The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-oct-function/" data-type="post" data-id="24365" target="_blank">oct()</a></code> function takes one integer argument and returns an octal string with prefix <code>"0o"</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Let’s check how our strings can be converted to the octal escape sequence representation using this function:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">strings = ['ABC', 'A B C', 'abc', 'hello', 'hello world'] for s in strings: print(string_to_octal(s))</pre>
<p>And here’s the expected output:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>\101\102\103
\101\40\102\40\103
\141\142\143
\150\145\154\154\157
\150\145\154\154\157\40\167\157\162\154\144</code></pre>
<p>If you don’t like the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://pythononeliners.com/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://pythononeliners.com/" target="_blank">one-liner</a> solution provided above, feel free to use this multi-liner instead that may be easier to read:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def string_to_octal(x): ''' Converts a string to an octal escape sequence''' result = '' for c in x: result += '\\' + oct(ord©)[2:] return result</pre>
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