Before we learn about the money, let’s get this question out of the way:

What is a UI/UX Developer?

As a UI/UX developer, you’re responsible for the technical implementation of the user interfaces (UI) of software applications (web, mobile, or desktop).

You’ll also optimize the user experience (UX) from joining for the first time to reaching the desired outcome fulfilled by the application.

You’ll use visual design principles, psychological research, and tools such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to achieve responsive user interfaces.

What is the Annual Income of a UI/UX Developer in the US?

Question: How much does a UI/UX Developer in the US make per year?

The expected annual income of a UI/UX Developer in the United States is between $75,895 and $117,037 per year, with an average annual income of $95,353 per year and a median income of $97,600 per year.

This data is based on our meta-study of 8 salary aggregators sources such as Glassdoor, ZipRecruiter, and PayScale.

Source	Average Income
Glassdoor.com	$117,037
ZipRecruiter.com	$100,287
Talent.com	$100,000
BuiltIn.com	$84,361
Indeed.com	$95,201
PayScale.com	$75,895
Comparably.com	$90,000
Salary.com	$100,046

Note: This is the most comprehensive salary meta-study of UI/UX developer income in the world, to the best of my knowledge!

Let’s have a look at the hourly rate of UI (UX) Developers next!

What is the Hourly Rate of a UI (UX) Developer?

UI (UX) Developers are well-paid on freelancing platforms such as Upwork or Fiverr.

• Related Article: What’s the best freelancing platform?

If you decide to go the route as a freelance UI (UX) Developer, you can expect to make between $37 and $50 per hour on Upwork (source). Assuming an annual workload of 2000 hours, you can expect to make between $74,000 and $100,000 per year.

Note: Do you want to create your own thriving coding business online? Feel free to check out our freelance developer course — the world’s #1 best-selling freelance developer course that specifically shows you how to succeed on Upwork and Fiverr!

Industry Demand

But is there enough demand? Let’s have a look at Google trends to find out how interest evolves over time (source):

Exciting trendline, isn’t it?

The interest in hiring UX/UI developers shows a similar uptrend:

14 Essential Skills for UI/UX Developers

The most important skills of a UI/UX developers are the following:

1. HTML skills
2. CSS skills
3. JavaScript skills
4. Basic programming skills in a major language (e.g., Java, Python, C++)
5. Mastering at least one web framework stack such as AngularJS or Bootstrap
6. Wireframing and flowcharting skills
7. Photoshop skills to create rapid prototypes
8. Visual communication and presentation skills
9. Verbal communication
10. Interaction design skills
11. Analytical skills
12. Information architecture skills
13. Integration and API skills
14. Psychology skills
15. Curiosity and willingness to learn

I’ll give you a couple of hints on how to learn those skills in a moment after the following important section:

What’s the difference between user interface developers and front-end web developers?

UI Developer vs Frontend Developer

A front-end web developer focuses on the graphical user interface (GUI) of the website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript with the goal of setting up the whole technology stack to enable users to view and interact with the website.

An UI developer is responsible for the technical implementation of the user interfaces (UI) of software applications (web, mobile, or desktop).

Front-end developers and UI developers are similar but different in that the latter is a superset of the former. All front-end developers are UI developers but not all UI developers are front-end developers.

For example, you may develop a user interface for a mobile app in which case you’d be an UI developer but not a front-end developer.

The industry standard of job hunters and agencies is to search for UI developers if the focus of the job role is more on the design and front-end developers if the focus is more on the technical implementation of the design.

Note that if the focus is even heavier on the design aspects, companies would look for “UI designers” rather than “UI developers”.

Learning Path, Skills, and Education Requirements

Do you want to become a UI (UX) Developer? Here’s a step-by-step learning path I’d propose to get started with UI (UX) :

• Step 1: Introduction to Computer Science (~40 hours)
• Step 2: Introduction to Frontend Web Design (~40 hours)
• Step 3: Introduction to UI (UX) (~20 hours)
• Step 4: Introduction to UI (UX) Free Video Courses (~10 hours)

You can find many additional computer science courses on the Finxter Computer Science Academy (flatrate model).

But don’t wait too long to acquire practical experience!

Even if you have little skills, it’s best to get started as a freelance developer and learn as you work on real projects for clients — earning income as you learn and gaining motivation through real-world feedback.

Tip: An excellent start to turbo-charge your freelancing career (earning more in less time) is our Finxter Freelancer Course. The goal of the course is to pay for itself!

Related Video

You can find more job descriptions for coders, programmers, and computer scientists in our detailed overview guide:

• Get Your Job in IT [Overview]

Related Income of Professional Developers

The following statistic shows the self-reported income from 9,649 US-based professional developers (source).

The average annual income of professional developers in the US is between $70,000 and $177,500 for various programming languages.

Question: What is your current total compensation (salary, bonuses, and perks, before taxes and deductions)? Please enter a whole number in the box below, without any punctuation. If you are paid hourly, please estimate an equivalent weekly, monthly, or yearly salary. (source)

The following statistic compares the self-reported income from 46,693 professional programmers as conducted by StackOverflow.

The average annual income of professional developers worldwide (US and non-US) is between $33,000 and $95,000 for various programming languages.

Here’s a screenshot of a more detailed overview of each programming language considered in the report:

Here’s what different database professionals earn:

Here’s an overview of different cloud solutions experts:

Here’s what professionals in web frameworks earn:

There are many other interesting frameworks—that pay well!

Look at those tools:

Okay, but what do you need to do to get there? What are the skill requirements and qualifications to make you become a professional developer in the area you desire?

Let’s find out next!

General Qualifications of Professionals

StackOverflow performs an annual survey asking professionals, coders, developers, researchers, and engineers various questions about their background and job satisfaction on their website.

Interestingly, when aggregating the data of the developers’ educational background, a good three quarters have an academic background.

Here’s the question asked by StackOverflow (source):

Which of the following best describes the highest level of formal education that you’ve completed?

However, if you don’t have a formal degree, don’t fear! Many of the respondents with degrees don’t have a degree in their field—so it may not be of much value for their coding careers anyways.

Also, about one out of four don’t have a formal degree and still succeeds in their field! You certainly don’t need a degree if you’re committed to your own success!

Freelancing vs Employment Status

The percentage of freelance developers increases steadily. The fraction of freelance developers has already reached 11.21%!

This indicates that more and more work will be done in a more flexible work environment—and fewer and fewer companies and clients want to hire inflexible talent.

Here are the stats from the StackOverflow developer survey (source):

Do you want to become a professional freelance developer and earn some money on the side or as your primary source of income?

Resource: Check out our freelance developer course—it’s the best freelance developer course in the world with the highest student success rate in the industry!

Other Programming Languages Used by Professional Developers

The StackOverflow developer survey collected 58000 responses about the following question (source):

Which programming, scripting, and markup languages have you done extensive development work in over the past year, and which do you want to work in over the next year?

These are the languages you want to focus on when starting out as a coder:

And don’t worry—if you feel stuck or struggle with a nasty bug. We all go through it. Here’s what SO survey respondents and professional developers do when they’re stuck:

What do you do when you get stuck on a problem? Select all that apply. (source)

Related Tutorials

To get started with some of the fundamentals and industry concepts, feel free to check out these articles:

• Freelance Developer – How to Code From Home and Earn Six Figures [Industry Report]
• How to Become a Python Freelancer—and Earn $1,000 on the Side? [A Step-by-Step Tutorial]
• How Adam Earns $5000 per Month as a Python Freelancer on Upwork [Month 4]
• UI (UX) Wikipedia
• Learn UI (UX) Google

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!

Coders get paid six figures and more because they can solve problems more effectively using machine intelligence and automation.

To become more successful in coding, solve more real problems for real people. That’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

You build high-value coding skills by working on practical coding projects!

Do you want to stop learning with toy projects and focus on practical code projects that earn you money and solve real problems for people?

If your answer is YES!, consider becoming a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

If you just want to learn about the freelancing opportunity, feel free to watch my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and learn how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

References

[1] The figure was generated using the following code snippet:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import math data = [117037, 100287, 100000, 84361, 95201, 75895, 90000, 100046] labels = ['Glassdoor.com', 'ZipRecruiter.com', 'Talent.com', 'BuiltIn.com', 'Indeed.com', 'PayScale.com', 'Comparably.com', 'Salary.com'] median = np.median(data)

average = np.average(data)

print(median, average)

n = len(data) plt.plot(range(n), [median] * n, color='black', label='Median: $' + str(int(median)))

plt.plot(range(n), [average] * n, '--', color='red', label='Average: $' + str(int(average)))

plt.bar(range(len(data)), data)

plt.xticks(range(len(data)), labels, rotation='vertical', position = (0,0.45), color='white', weight='bold')

plt.ylabel('Average Income ($)')

plt.title('UI/UX Developer Annual Income - by Finxter')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

In this article, you’ll learn about the following topics:

• List unpacking in Python
• Tuple unpacking in Python
• String unpacking in Python
• ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected k)
• ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected x, got y)
• Unpacking nested list or tuple
• Unpacking underscore
• Unpacking asterisk

Sequence Unpacking Basics

Python allows you to assign iterables such as lists and tuples and assign them to multiple variables.

Iterable unpacking or sequence unpacking is the process of assigning the elements of an iterable (e.g., tuple, list, string) to multiple variables. For it to work, you need to have enough variables to capture the number of elements in the iterable.

Python List Unpacking

List unpacking is the process of assigning k elements of a list to k different variables in a single line of code.

In the following example, you unpack the three elements in the list [1, 2, 3] into variables a, b, and c. Each variable captures one list element after the unpacking operation.

# List Unpacking

a, b, c = [1, 2, 3] print(a)

# 1 print(b)

# 2 print©

# 3

ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected k)

If the list has too many values to unpack — i.e., the number of elements in the list is larger than the variables to assign them to — Python will raise a ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected k) whereas k is the number of variables on the left-hand side of the assignment operation.

This can be seen in the following code snippet:

a, b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4] '''

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\xcent\Desktop\code.py", line 1, in <module> a, b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4]

ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 3) '''

To resolve the ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected k), make sure that the number of elements on the right and left-hand sides of the unpacking operation is the same.

Per convention, if you don’t need to store a certain list element in a variable, you can use the “throw-away” underscore variable name _.

Here’s the same example resolved using the underscore name:

a, b, _, c = [1, 2, 3, 4] print(a)

# 1 print(b)

# 2 print©

# 4

Alternatively, you can also use the asterisk operator on the left-hand side as will be explained at the end of this article—so keep reading!

ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected x, got y)

If the iterable has too few values to unpack — i.e., the number of elements in the iterable is larger than the variables to assign them to — Python will raise a ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected x, got y) whereas x is the number of variables on the left-hand side of the assignment operation and y is the number of elements in the iterable.

This can be seen in the following code snippet:

a, b, c, d = [1, 2, 3] '''

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\xcent\Desktop\code.py", line 1, in <module> a, b, c, d = [1, 2, 3]

ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 4, got 3) '''

To resolve the ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected x, got y), make sure that the number of elements on the right and left-hand sides of the unpacking operation is the same.

Python Tuple Unpacking

Tuple unpacking is the process of assigning k elements of a tuple to k different variables in a single line of code.

In the following example, you unpack the three elements in the tuple (1, 2, 3) into variables a, b, and c. Each variable captures one tuple element after the unpacking operation.

# Tuple Unpacking

a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) print(a)

# 1 print(b)

# 2 print©

# 3

Note that the parentheses of tuples are optional, so you can omit them to obtain the same behavior with even fewer syntax overhead as shown in the following example.

# Tuple Unpacking

a, b, c = 1, 2, 3 print(a)

# 1 print(b)

# 2 print©

# 3

Python String Unpacking

String unpacking is the process of assigning k characters of a string to k different variables in a single line of code.

In the following example, you unpack the seven characters in the string 'finxter' into variables a, b, c, d, e, f, and g. Each variable captures one character from the string, in order, after the unpacking operation.

# String Unpacking

a, b, c, d, e, f, g = 'finxter' print(a)

print(b)

print©

print(d)

print(e)

print(f)

print(g) '''

f

i

n

x

t

e

r '''

Python Unpacking Nested List or Tuple

You can also unpack a nested iterable (e.g., list of lists, or tuple of tuples).

The simple case is where one variable (in our example c) captures the whole inner list (in our example [3, 4, 5]):

lst = [1, 2, [3, 4, 5]]

a, b, c = lst print(a)

print(b)

print© '''

1

2

[3, 4, 5] '''

But how can you assign the elements of the inner list to variables as well?

This can be done by setting up a parallel structure on the left and right sides of the equation using parentheses (...) or square brackets [...].

lst = [1, 2, [3, 4, 5]]

a, b, [c, d, e] = lst print(a)

print(b)

print©

print(d)

print(e) '''

1

2

3

4

5 '''

The simple heuristic to understand what is going on here is: parallel structures!

Python Unpacking Underscore

The underscore _ in Python behaves like a normal variable name. Per convention, it is used if you don’t actually care about the value stored in it but just use it to capture all values from an iterable in a syntactically correct way.

Here’s a simple example:

lst = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carl'] a, _, c = lst print(a)

print(_)

print© '''

Alice

Bob

Carl '''

Python Unpacking Asterisk

You can use the asterisk operator * on the left-hand side of the equation to unpack multiple elements into a single variable.

This way, you can overcome the ValueError: too many values to unpack when there are more values in the iterable than there are variables to capture them.

Here’s an example where we capture two elements 2 and 3 in one variable b using the asterisk operator as a prefix in *b:

a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4] print(a)

print(b)

print© '''

1

[2, 3]

4 '''

Note: This only works in Python 3 but not in Python 2. Here’s how to check your Python version.

Python will automatically assign the values in the iterable to the variables so that the asterisked’ variable captures all remaining elements.

In the following example, the asterisked variable *a captures all the remaining values that cannot be captured by the non-asterisked variables:

*a, b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] print(a)

print(b)

print© '''

[1, 2, 3]

4

5 '''

No matter how many elements are captured by the asterisked variable, they will always be stored as a list (even if a single variable would be enough):

first, *_, last = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carl'] print(first)

print(_)

print(last) '''

Alice

['Bob']

Carl '''

However, you cannot use multiple asterisk operators in the same expression or Python wouldn’t know which iterable elements to assign to which variables.

The following screenshot shows how Python doesn’t compile with the warning “SyntaxError: multiple starred expressions in assignment”.

If you’re completely uninterested in all but a couple of elements of a large list, you can combine the throw-away underscore operator _ with the asterisk operator * like so *_. Using this approach, the underscore will capture all the unnecessary elements from the iterable.

This can be seen in the following example:

How to Capture First and Last Element of an Iterable in Variable [Example]

Here’s an example of this:

first, *_, last = list(range(100)) print(first, last)

# 0 99

All list elements 1 to 98 (included) are now stored in the throw-away variable _.

Python assigns an empty list to the asterisked variable if no additional elements can be assigned to it because all are already assigned to other variables:

a, b, *c = [1, 2] print(a)

print(b)

print© '''

1

2

[] '''

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!

Coders get paid six figures and more because they can solve problems more effectively using machine intelligence and automation.

To become more successful in coding, solve more real problems for real people. That’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

You build high-value coding skills by working on practical coding projects!

Do you want to stop learning with toy projects and focus on practical code projects that earn you money and solve real problems for people?

If your answer is YES!, consider becoming a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

If you just want to learn about the freelancing opportunity, feel free to watch my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and learn how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!