Quick Fix: Python raises the ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ffmpeg' when it cannot find the library ffmpeg. The most frequent source of this error is that you haven’t installed ffmpeg explicitly with pip install ffmpeg-python or even pip3 install ffmpeg-python for Python 3. Alternatively, you may have different Python versions on your computer, and ffmpeg is not installed for the particular version you’re using.

Problem Formulation

You’ve just learned about the awesome capabilities of the ffmpeg library and you want to try it out, so you start your code with the following statement:

import ffmpeg

stream = ffmpeg.input('input.mp4')

stream = ffmpeg.hflip(stream)

stream = ffmpeg.output(stream, 'output.mp4')

ffmpeg.run(stream)

The first line is supposed to import the ffmpeg library into your (virtual) environment. However, it only throws the following ImportError: No module named ffmpeg:

>>> import ffmpeg

Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module> import ffmpeg

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ffmpeg'

Solution Idea 1: Install Library ffmpeg

The most likely reason is that Python doesn’t provide ffmpeg in its standard library. You need to install it first!

Before being able to import the ffmpeg module, you need to install it using Python’s package manager pip. Make sure pip is installed on your machine.

To fix this error, you can run the following command in your Windows shell:

$ pip install ffmpeg-python

This simple command installs ffmpeg in your virtual environment on Windows, Linux, and MacOS. It assumes that your pip version is updated. If it isn’t, use the following two commands in your terminal, command line, or shell (there’s no harm in doing it anyways):

$ python -m pip install – upgrade pip

$ pip install ffmpeg-python

Note: Don’t copy and paste the $ symbol. This is just to illustrate that you run it in your shell/terminal/command line.

Solution Idea 2: Fix the Path

The error might persist even after you have installed the ffmpeg library. This likely happens because pip is installed but doesn’t reside in the path you can use. Although pip may be installed on your system the script is unable to locate it. Therefore, it is unable to install the library using pip in the correct path.

To fix the problem with the path in Windows follow the steps given next.

Step 1: Open the folder where you installed Python by opening the command prompt and typing where python

Step 2: Once you have opened the Python folder, browse and open the Scripts folder and copy its location. Also verify that the folder contains the pip file.

Step 3: Now open the Scripts directory in the command prompt using the cd command and the location that you copied previously.

Step 4: Now install the library using pip install ffmpeg-python command. Here’s an analogous example:

After having followed the above steps, execute our script once again. And you should get the desired output.

Other Solution Ideas

• The ModuleNotFoundError may appear due to relative imports. You can learn everything about relative imports and how to create your own module in this article.
• You may have mixed up Python and pip versions on your machine. In this case, to install ffmpeg for Python 3, you may want to try python3 -m pip install ffmpeg-python or even pip3 install ffmpeg-python instead of pip install ffmpeg-python
• If you face this issue server-side, you may want to try the command pip install – user ffmpeg-python
• If you’re using Ubuntu, you may want to try this command: sudo apt install ffmpeg-python
• You can also check out this article to learn more about possible problems that may lead to an error when importing a library.

Understanding the “import” Statement

import ffmpeg

In Python, the import statement serves two main purposes:

• Search the module by its name, load it, and initialize it.
• Define a name in the local namespace within the scope of the import statement. This local name is then used to reference the accessed module throughout the code.

What’s the Difference Between ImportError and ModuleNotFoundError?

What’s the difference between ImportError and ModuleNotFoundError?

Python defines an error hierarchy, so some error classes inherit from other error classes. In our case, the ModuleNotFoundError is a subclass of the ImportError class.

You can see this in this screenshot from the docs:

You can also check this relationship using the issubclass() built-in function:

>>> issubclass(ModuleNotFoundError, ImportError)

True

Specifically, Python raises the ModuleNotFoundError if the module (e.g., ffmpeg) cannot be found. If it can be found, there may be a problem loading the module or some specific files within the module. In those cases, Python would raise an ImportError.

If an import statement cannot import a module, it raises an ImportError. This may occur because of a faulty installation or an invalid path. In Python 3.6 or newer, this will usually raise a ModuleNotFoundError.

Related Videos

The following video shows you how to resolve the ImportError:

The following video shows you how to import a function from another folder—doing it the wrong way often results in the ModuleNotFoundError:

How to Fix “ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘ffmpeg’” in PyCharm

If you create a new Python project in PyCharm and try to import the ffmpeg library, it’ll raise the following error message:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:/Users/.../main.py", line 1, in <module> import ffmpeg

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ffmpeg' Process finished with exit code 1

The reason is that each PyCharm project, per default, creates a virtual environment in which you can install custom Python modules. But the virtual environment is initially empty—even if you’ve already installed ffmpeg on your computer!

Here’s a screenshot exemplifying this for the pandas library. It’ll look similar for ffmpeg-python.

The fix is simple: Use the PyCharm installation tooltips to install Pandas in your virtual environment—two clicks and you’re good to go!

First, right-click on the pandas text in your editor:

Second, click “Show Context Actions” in your context menu. In the new menu that arises, click “Install Pandas” and wait for PyCharm to finish the installation.

The code will run after your installation completes successfully.

As an alternative, you can also open the Terminal tool at the bottom and type:

$ pip install ffmpeg-python

If this doesn’t work, you may want to set the Python interpreter to another version using the following tutorial: https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/2016.1/configuring-python-interpreter-for-a-project.html

You can also manually install a new library such as ffmpeg in PyCharm using the following procedure:

• Open File > Settings > Project from the PyCharm menu.
• Select your current project.
• Click the Python Interpreter tab within your project tab.
• Click the small + symbol to add a new library to the project.
• Now type in the library to be installed, in your example Pandas, and click Install Package.
• Wait for the installation to terminate and close all popup windows.

Here’s an analogous example:

Here’s a full guide on how to install a library on PyCharm.

• How to Install a Library on PyCharm

This tutorial explains the Python decode() method with arguments and examples. Before we dive into the Python decode() method, let’s first build some background knowledge about encoding and decoding so you can better understand its purpose.

Encoding and Decoding – What Does It Mean?

Programs must handle various characters in several languages. Application developers often internationalize programs to display messages and error outputs in various languages, be it English, Russian, Japanese, French, or Hebrew. 

Python’s string type uses the Unicode Standard to represent characters, which lets Python programs work with all possible characters.

Unicode aims to list every character used by human languages and gives each character its unique code. The Unicode Consortium specifications regularly update its specifications for new languages and symbols.

A character is the smallest component of the text. For example, ’a, ‘B’, ‘c’, ‘È’ and ‘Í’ are different characters. Characters vary depending on language or context. For example, the character for “Roman Numeral One” is ‘Ⅰ’, separate from the uppercase letter ‘I’. Though they look the same, these are two different characters that have different meanings.

The Unicode standard describes how code points represent characters. A code point value is an integer from 0 to 0x10FFFF. [1]

What are Encodings?

A sequence of code points forms a Unicode String represented in memory as a set of code units. These code units are mapped to 8-bit bytes. Character Encoding is the set of rules to translate a Unicode string to a byte sequence.

UTF-8 is the most commonly used encoding, and Python defaults to it. UTF stands for “Unicode Transformation Format”, and the ‘8’ refers to 8-bit values used in the encoding. [2]

Python decode()

Encoders and decoders convert text between different representations, and specifically, the Python bytes decode() function converts bytes to string objects.

The decode() method converts/decodes from one encoding scheme for the argument string to the desired encoding scheme. It is the opposite of the Python encode() method.

decode() accepts the encoding of the encoded string, decodes it, and returns the original string.

Here’s the syntax of the method:

decode(encoding, error)

str.decode([encoding[, errors]]) # Example:

str.decode(encoding='UTF-8',errors='strict'

The decode() arguments:

Argument	Description
encoding (optional)	Specifies the encoding to decode. Standard Encodings has a list of all encodings.
errors (optional)	Decides how to handle the errors: 'strict' [default], meaning encoding errors raise a UnicodeError.  Other possible values are: 'ignore' – Ignore the character and continue with the next 'replace' – Replace with a suitable replacement character 'xmlcharrefreplace' – Inserts an XML character reference  'backslashreplace' – Inserts a backslash escape sequence (\uNNNN) instead of un-encodable Unicode characters 'namereplace' – Inserts a \N{...} escape sequence and any other name registered via codecs.register_error()

Example 1

text = "Python Decode converts text string from one encoding scheme to the desired one."

encoded_text = text.encode('ubtf8', 'strict')

print("Encoded String: ", encoded_text)

print("Decoded String: ", encoded_text.decode('utf8', 'strict'))

• Encoded String:  b'Python Decode converts text from one encoding scheme to desired encoding scheme.'
• Decoded String:  Python Decode converts text from one encoding scheme to desired encoding scheme.

Example 2

>>> b'\x81abc'.decode("utf-8", "strict")

Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#55>", line 1, in <module> b'\x81abc'.decode("utf-8", "strict")

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x81 in position 0: invalid start byte

>>> b'\x80abc'.decode("utf-8", "backslashreplace") '\\x80abc'

>>> b'\x80abc'.decode("utf-8", "ignore") 'abc'

References

• [1] Unicode
• [2] Unicode HOWTO — Python 3.11.0 documentation
• Codec registry and base classes — Python 3.11.0 documentation
• Python encode() and decode() Functions – AskPython
• Python Strings decode() method – GeeksforGeeks
• Python String decode() Method
• Python String encode() decode() | DigitalOcean