Here’s your free PDF cheat sheet showing you all Python list methods on one simple page. Click the image to download the high-resolution PDF file, print it, and post it to your office wall:

I’ll lead you through all Python list methods in this short video tutorial:

If you want to study the methods yourself, have a look at the following table from my blog article:

Go ahead and try the Python list methods yourself:

Puzzle: Can you figure out all outputs of this interactive Python script?

If you’ve studied the table carefully, you’ll know the most important list methods in Python. Let’s have a look at some examples of above methods:

>>> l = []

>>> l.append(2)

>>> l

[2]

>>> l.clear()

>>> l

[]

>>> l.append(2)

>>> l

[2]

>>> l.copy()

[2]

>>> l.count(2)

1

>>> l.extend([2,3,4])

>>> l

[2, 2, 3, 4]

>>> l.index(3)

2

>>> l.insert(2, 99)

>>> l

[2, 2, 99, 3, 4]

>>> l.pop()

4

>>> l.remove(2)

>>> l

[2, 99, 3]

>>> l.reverse()

>>> l

[3, 99, 2]

>>> l.sort()

>>> l

[2, 3, 99]

Where to Go From Here?

Want more cheat sheets? Excellent. I believe learning with cheat sheets is one of the most efficient learning techniques. Join my free Python email list where I’ll send you more than 10 new Python cheat sheets and regular Python courses for continuous improvement. It’s free!

In this article, I’ll show you how to divide a list into equally-sized chunks in Python. Step-by-step, you’ll arrive at the following great code that accomplishes exactly that:

You can play around with the code yourself but if you need some explanations, read on because I’ll explain it to you in much detail:

Chunking Your List

Let’s make this question more palpable by transforming it into a practical problem:

Problem: Imagine that you have a temperature sensor that sends data every 6 minutes, which makes 10 data points per hour. All these data points are stored in one list for each day.

Now, we want to have a list of hourly average temperatures for each day—this is why we need to split the list of data for one day into evenly sized chunks.

Solution: To achieve this, we use a for-loop and Python’s built-in function range() which we have to examine in depth.

The range() function can be used either with one, two or three arguments.

• If you use it with one single argument, e.g., range(10), we get a range object containing the numbers 0 to 9. So, if you call range with one argument, this argument will be interpreted as the max or stop value of the range, but it is excluded from the range.
• You can also call the range() function with two arguments, e.g., range(5, 10). This call with two arguments returns a range object containing the numbers 5 to 9. So, now we have a lower and an upper bound for the range. Contrary to the stop value, the start value is included in the range.
• In a call of the function range() with three parameters, the first parameter is the start value, the second one is the stop value and the third value is the step size. For example, range(5, 15, 2) returns a range object containing the following values: 5, 7, 9, 11, 13. As you can see, the range starts with the start and then it adds the step value as long as the values are less than the stop value.

In our problem, our chunks have a length of 10, the start value is 0 and the max value is the end of the list of data.

Putting all together: Calling range(0, len(data), 10) will give us exactly what we need to iterate over the chunks. Let’s put some numbers there to visualize it.

For one single day, we have a data length of 24 * 10 = 240, so the call of the range function would be this: range(0, 240, 10) and the resulting range would be 0, 10, 20, 30, …, 230. Pause a moment and consider these values: they represent the indices of the first element of each chunk.

So what do we have now? The start indices of each chunk and also the length – and that’s all we need to slice the input data into the chunks we need.

The slicing operator takes two or three arguments separated by the colon : symbol. They have the same meaning as in the range function.

If you want to know more about slicing read our detailed article here.

A first draft of our code could be this:

data = [15.7, 16.2, 16.5, 15.9, ..., 27.3, 26.4, 26.1, 27.2]

chunk_length = 10 for i in range(0, len(data), chunk_length): print(data[i:i+chunk_length])

Play with this code in our interactive Python shell:

However, we can still improve this code and make it reusable by creating a generator out of it.

Chunking With Generator Expressions

A generator is a function but instead of a return statement it uses the keyword yield.

The keyword yield interrupts the function and returns a value. The next time the function gets called, the next value is returned and the function’s execution stops again. This behavior can be used in a for-loop, where we want to get a value from the generator, work with this value inside the loop and then repeat it with the next value. Now, let’s take a look at the improved version of our code:

data = [15.7, 16.2, 16.5, 15.9, ..., 27.3, 26.4, 26.1, 27.2]

chunk_length = 10 def make_chunks(data, length): for i in range(0, len(data), length): yield data[i:i + length] for chunk in make_chunks(data, chunk_length): print(chunk)

That looks already pretty pythonic and we can reuse the function make_chunks() for all the other data we need to process.

Let’s finish the code so that we get a list of hourly average temperatures as result.

import random def make_chunks(data, length): for i in range(0, len(data), length): yield data[i:i + length] def process(chunk): return round(sum(chunk)/len(chunk), 2) n = 10

# generate random temperature values

day_temperatures = [random.random() * 20 for x in range(24 * n)]

avg_per_hour = [] for chunk in make_chunks(day_temperatures, n): r = process(batch) avg_per_hour.append® print(avg_per_hour)

And that’s it, this cool pythonic code solves our problem. We can make the code even a bit shorter but I consider this code less readable because you need to know really advanced Python concepts.

import random make_chunks = lambda data, n: (data[i:i + n] for i in range(0, len(data), n))

process = lambda data: round(sum(data)/len(data), 2) n = 10

# generate random temperature values

day_temperatures = [random.random() * 20 for x in range(24 * n)]

avg_per_hour = [] for chunk in make_chunks(day_temperatures, n): r = process(batch) avg_per_hour.append® print(avg_per_hour)

So, what did we do? We reduced the helper functions to lambda expressions and for the generator function we use a special shorthand – the parenthesis.

Summary

To sum up the solution: We used the range function with three arguments, the start value, the stop value and the step value. By setting the step value to our desired chunk length, the start value to 0 and the stop value to the total data length, we get a range object containing all the start indices of our chunks. With the help of slicing we can access exactly the chunk we need in each iteration step.

Where to Go From Here?

Want to start earning a full-time income with Python—while working only part-time hours? Then join our free Python Freelancer Webinar.

It shows you exactly how you can grow your business and Python skills to a point where you can work comfortable for 3-4 hours from home and enjoy the rest of the day (=20 hours) spending time with the persons you love doing things you enjoy to do.

Become a Python freelancer now!

Historically around this time of the year, I like to share an update on the state of the partner ecosystem from Microsoft’s One Commercial Partner (OCP) organization. Given the impact and magnitude of the COVID-19 situation, I think now more than ever, it’s important to continue to focus on our path forward. In this vein, you may have seen the information I recently shared on resources and program updates to specifically help partners navigate through the COVID-19 world we are all now operating in.

The Microsoft partner community is a powerful ecosystem. For decades, it has been and continues to be at the center of how we bring technologies and business transformation to customers in markets around the world. Today, Microsoft partners are playing a critical role helping companies everywhere adjust to a new way of working. The remote-work, business continuity solutions and services they’re delivering during this global pandemic will be the foundation of workplace productivity moving forward.

With this in mind, I’d like to share some updates on where we’re going and what we’re doing to help our partners continue to make more possible in the months and years to come.

Updates

We support partners in several ways through our extensive technology portfolio, global reach, training and skill investments, but we are continuing to evolve how we work together in order to maximize the value of their partnership with Microsoft. Here are some of the things we’re working on:

Program updates:

• Increased learning opportunities: We’re giving partners increased access to training, support and go-to-market services.

• Focus on differentiated value: Partners will have more options to differentiate their skills and expertise to customers with new competencies, advanced specializations and through the Azure Expert MSP Program.

• Rewarding customer success: Partners are increasingly earning rewards for driving strong results and positive outcomes for their customers, with reward models specifically designed to help build and accelerate growth.

Enhanced tools:

• Partner Center: Partners are onboarding this year to Partner Center, which provides a centralized experience for partners and a single place to manage their relationship with Microsoft, their customers and other partners. Streamlining a number of processes into one place makes it easier for partners to do business with Microsoft.

• On-demand support: We’re working on new ways to give partners quicker and easier access to Microsoft support to help them better solve challenges and meet customer needs.

• Evolved co-selling programs: To further support our commitment to shared growth and profitability within ecosystem, partners can access co-selling programs so they can accept and share referrals from Microsoft (first-party solutions) and other partners (third-party solutions).

These capabilities are just the beginning. They only scratch the surface, as we continue to prioritize investments that support new opportunities to position our partners for growth in the future.

Investment strategy

Fueled by the market opportunities we see through tech intensity, digital transformation, and the cloud, we need to continue evolving in order to meet emerging customer needs and expectations. We’re committed to investing in and delivering what partners need to innovate, grow their businesses and deliver on the promise of digital transformation for customers across organizations and industries.

As we look ahead, here are just a few of the areas for partner opportunity we see:

• Teams for modern business: Now more than ever, the ability to connect remotely is vital, whether that be with coworkers, friends or family. Partners have an opportunity to support activation and usage for their customers. We’re seeing adoption and change management partners focus on extensions to further customize to their customers’ business needs.

• Tech intensity: Partners have an increasing number of ways they can help meet customers’ emerging needs and expectations. One is supporting their movement toward tech intensity, as organizations move past adopting the latest technologies and develop their own digital capabilities.

• Azure migration: The latest versions of Windows Server, SQL Server and Windows Virtual Desktop offer tremendous opportunity for businesses to secure and modernize their workloads. Our partners are in a unique position to help customers migrate to the cloud and unlock the benefits of Azure to transform workloads with the latest data and AI capabilities.

• Security: While the cloud has opened the door for a myriad of possibilities, it has also made security a top priority for customers. Security is engineered into our products, but we are counting on partners to help secure the customer’s environment from endpoint to datacenter.

New offerings

To ensure our partners have the resources and support necessary to grow their businesses, we are consistently listening to feedback and ideas. This helps inform the investments we’re making and the ways we’re evolving to drive even greater value.

Below are two offerings we’ve recently launched:

• New advanced specialization: Competencies remain important for all partners, but advanced specializations provide the opportunity to further highlight technical scenarios where partners are delivering high quality services and differentiate themselves from the competition. At Inspire 2019, we unveiled five new specializations, and recently added one more to the mix on April 7. The Adoption and Change Management Advanced Specialization allows partners to showcase proven expertise in Adoption and Change Management to drive usage of Microsoft Teams, SharePoint and Yammer.

• New Teams Practice Development Playbook: The Teams Practice Development Playbook, launched on April 6, is designed to help partners understand the growth opportunity that Microsoft Teams provides to them as well as to their customers. Topics covered include which areas of Teams to focus on, how to cross-sell, suggestions for approaching governance, and an overview of add-ons and customizations.

In addition, we’re proud that another one of our partners – Wipro Limited, a leading global information technology consulting and business process company – recently launched a dedicated Microsoft Business Unit (MBU).  Wipro’s new business unit will focus on the development and evangelization of solutions leveraging Microsoft’s enterprise cloud services. Earlier this year, Tata Consultancy Services and HCL announced their own MBUs.

It’s exciting to see three new MBUs since the start of the fiscal year as it continues to affirm the benefits our partners see when they can dive deep with our solutions.

Global partner impact

We know that partners help make more possible. That sentiment rings especially true during the unprecedented times we’re operating in today. Every day I hear stories of partners stepping up to address scientific and business continuity needs related to COVID-19. Here are just a few:

• Rescale: Researchers, engineers and scientists are in a race against time, running countless computer simulations to develop test kits and a vaccine. Unfortunately, researchers often face barriers to running large-scale simulations. Rescale, a leader in enterprise big compute, has joined forces with Microsoft Azure and other tech companies to create a new initiative entitled “Tech vs COVID” that immediately offers high performance computing (HPC) resources at no cost to teams working to develop test kits and vaccines for COVID-19.

• BlueYonder: COVID-19 is having an enormous impact on global supply chain. There is high demand for medical equipment and supplies, and a shortage of medical parts and products. Through real-time visibility, AI and machine learning, BlueYonder’s data science team is feeding data into its AI-driven Luminate Control Tower platform to help visualize and predict current and future impacts of the coronavirus. The insight is helping governments and companies have better inventory visibility, predict shortages and adapt to the dynamic supply chain challenges.

• Velrada: Specially-trained Red Cross volunteers are calling Australians who are currently self-isolating, providing psychological first aid support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Working with Microsoft partner Velrada and using Dynamics 365 and Power BI, the Red Cross has deployed an easy-to-use platform that lets volunteers work from home as they make the calls and check on an individual’s well-being.  
  

These incredible stories are a testament to the impact our partners have in “normal” times and extraordinary times like we’re experiencing today. Satya recently noted that, “No one company is going to solve a challenge like this alone…Our unique role as a platform and tools provider allows us to connect the dots, bring together an ecosystem of partners, and enable organizations of all sizes to build the digital capability required to address these challenges.”

Echoing his sentiment above, as we navigate this unpredictable environment together, I want to assure our partners that Microsoft is committed to working to safeguard business continuity and ensure our ecosystem is set up to reach its full potential. We look forward to continuing to evolve our relationship with all of our partners in the months and years to come.

Remember Gravilogic’s stylish “Switchblade” rail covers/kickstand we shared way back in October 2018? The Switch accessory started out life as a Kickstarter campaign and was fully funded by the end of its first day.

According to an update on the Kickstarter page, the company is now working on a highly requested aluminum matte black set. Here’s the full rundown:

We would like to thank you for your continued support in making our project, Switchblades for the Nintendo Switch, a success. Numerous customers have asked about Switchblades in all black to match the natural color and style of the Switch. We have developed a solution to make this a reality. We call this version of the Switchblade, Black Bird. They are aluminum switchblades powdered coated in matte black to give it a durable and tactile finish.

To help with funding, Gravilogic is running a Kickstarter-like campaign on its own website called Project Black Bird. Backers pledge for the product (priced at $35.00 USD), and if 1,050 orders are reached, it will go into development. The campaign runs from now until 8th May. If the goal is reached, all of the pledges will then be processed, and delivery is tentatively scheduled for October this year.

Would you back these matte black version of the Switchblades? Tell us below.