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[Tut] Python abs() Function - xSicKxBot - 11-30-2020
Python abs() Function
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<p class="has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background">Python’s <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-built-in-functions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Python Built-In Functions">built-in</a> <code><strong>abs(x)</strong></code> function returns the absolute value of the argument <code>x</code> that can be an integer, float, or object implementing the <code>__abs__()</code> function. For a complex number, the function returns its magnitude. The absolute value of any numerical input argument <code>-x</code> or <code>+x</code> is the corresponding positive value <code>+x</code>. </p>
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<td><strong>Argument</strong></td>
<td><code>x</code></td>
<td>int, float, complex, object with <code>__abs__()</code> implementation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Return Value</strong></td>
<td><code>|x|</code></td>
<td><strong>Returns the absolute value of the input argument.</strong><br />Integer input –> Integer output<br />Float input –> Float output<br />Complex input –> Complex output</td>
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<h2>Interactive Code Shell</h2>
<p> <iframe src="https://trinket.io/embed/python/40d2918774" width="100%" height="356" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </p>
<h2>Example Integer abs()</h2>
<p>The following code snippet shows you how to use the absolute value 42 of a positive integer value 42.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># POSITIVE INTEGER
x = 42
abs_x = abs(x) print(f"Absolute value of {x} is {abs_x}")
# Absolute value of 42 is 42</pre>
<p>The following code snippet shows you how to use the absolute value 42 of a negative integer value -42.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># NEGATIVE INTEGER
x = -42
abs_x = abs(x) print(f"Absolute value of {x} is {abs_x}")
# Absolute value of -42 is 42</pre>
<h2>Example Float abs()</h2>
<p>The following code snippet shows you how to use the absolute value 42.42 of a positive integer value 42.42.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># POSITIVE FLOAT
x = 42.42
abs_x = abs(x) print(f"Absolute value of {x} is {abs_x}")
# Absolute value of 42.42 is 42.42</pre>
<p>The following code snippet shows you how to use the absolute value 42.42 of a negative integer value -42.42.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># NEGATIVE FLOAT
x = -42.42
abs_x = abs(x) print(f"Absolute value of {x} is {abs_x}")
# Absolute value of -42.42 is 42.42</pre>
<h2>Example Complex abs()</h2>
<p>The following code snippet shows you how to use the absolute value of a complex number (3+10j).</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># COMPLEX NUMBER
complex_number = (3+10j)
abs_complex_number = abs(complex_number) print(f"Absolute value of {complex_number} is {abs_complex_number}")
# Absolute value of (3+10j) is 10.44030650891055
</pre>
<h2>Python abs() vs fabs()</h2>
<p class="has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background">Python’s built-in function <code>abs(x)</code> calculates the absolute number of the argument <code>x</code>. Similarly, the <code>fabs(x)</code> function of the math module calculates the same absolute value. The difference is that <code>math.fabs(x)</code> always returns a float number while Python’s built-in <code>abs(x)</code> returns an integer if the argument <code>x</code> is an integer as well. The name <em><strong>“fabs”</strong></em> is shorthand for <em><strong>“float absolute value”</strong></em>. </p>
<p>Here’s a minimal example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">x = 42 # abs()
print(abs(x))
# 42 # math.fabs()
import math
print(math.fabs(x))
# 42.0</pre>
<h2>Python abs() vs np.abs()</h2>
<p class="has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background">Python’s built-in function <code>abs(x)</code> calculates the absolute number of the argument <code>x</code>. Similarly, NumPy’s <code>np.abs(x)</code> function calculates the same absolute value. There are two differences: (1) <code>np.abs(x)</code> always returns a float number while Python’s built-in <code>abs(x)</code> returns an integer if the argument <code>x</code> is an integer, and (2) <code>np.abs(arr)</code> can be also applied to a NumPy array <code>arr</code> that calculates the absolute values element-wise. </p>
<p>Here’s a minimal example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">x = 42 # abs()
print(abs(x))
# 42 # numpy.abs()
import numpy as np
print(np.fabs(x))
# 42.0 # numpy.abs() array
a = np.array([-1, 2, -4])
print(np.abs(a))
# [1 2 4]</pre>
</p>
<p><strong>abs</strong> and <strong>np</strong>. absolute are completely identical. It doesn’t matter which one you use. There are several advantages to the short names: They are shorter and they are known to <strong>Python</strong> programmers because the names are identical to the built-in <strong>Python</strong> functions.</p>
<h2>Summary</h2>
<p>The <code>abs()</code> function is a built-in function that returns the absolute value of a number. The function accepts integers, floats, and complex numbers as input.</p>
<p>If you pass <code>abs()</code> an integer or float, <code>n</code>, it returns the non-negative value of <code>n</code> and preserves its type. In other words, if you pass an integer, <code>abs()</code> returns an integer, and if you pass a float, it returns a float.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># Int returns int
>>> abs(20)
20
# Float returns float
>>> abs(20.0)
20.0
>>> abs(-20.0)
20.0</pre>
<p>The first example returns an int, the second returns a float, and the final example returns a float and demonstrates that <code>abs()</code> always returns a positive number.</p>
<p>Complex numbers are made up of two parts and can be written as <code>a + bj</code> where <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> are either ints or floats. The absolute value of <code>a + bj</code> is defined mathematically as <code>math.sqrt(a**2 + b**2)</code>. Thus, the result is always positive and always a float (since taking the square root always returns a float). </p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> abs(3 + 4j)
5.0
>>> math.sqrt(3**2 + 4**2)
5.0</pre>
<p>Here you can see that <code>abs()</code> always returns a float and that the result of <code>abs(a + bj)</code> is the same as <code>math.sqrt(a**2 + b**2)</code>.</p>
<h2>Where to Go From Here?</h2>
<p>Enough theory, let’s get some practice!</p>
<p>To become successful in coding, you need to get out there and solve real problems for real people. That’s how you can become a six-figure earner easily. And that’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?</p>
<p><strong>Practice projects is how you sharpen your saw in coding!</strong></p>
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<p>Then become a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-abs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python abs() Function</a> first appeared on <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Finxter</a>.</p>
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