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[Tut] Wrap and Truncate a String with Textwrap in Python - xSicKxBot - 09-01-2023
[Tut] Wrap and Truncate a String with Textwrap in Python
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<ul class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">
<li><strong>Wrap a string</strong>: Use <code>wrap()</code> or <code>fill()</code> functions from the <code>textwrap</code> module in Python. <code>wrap()</code> returns a list of output lines, while <code>fill()</code> returns a single string with newline characters.</li>
<li><strong>Truncate a string</strong>: Use the <code>shorten()</code> function from the <code>textwrap</code> module to truncate a string to a specified length and append a placeholder at the end if needed.</li>
<li><strong>TextWrapper object</strong>: An instance of the <code>TextWrapper</code> class from the <code>textwrap</code> module, which provides methods for wrapping and filling text. You can customize the wrapping behavior by modifying the properties of the <code>TextWrapper</code> object.</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Understanding Textwrap Module</h2>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" width="576" height="859" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-154.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1651020" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-154.png 576w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-154-201x300.png 201w" sizes="(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px" /></figure>
</div>
<p>The <code>textwrap</code> module in Python provides various functions to efficiently wrap, fill, indent, and truncate <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-strings-made-easy/">strings</a>. It helps in formatting plain text to make it easily readable and well-structured. Let’s discuss a few key functions in this module.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Functions in Textwrap</h3>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">wrap()</h4>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">The <code>wrap()</code> function is used to wrap a given string so that every line is within a specified width. The resulting output will be a list of strings, where each entry represents a single line. This function ensures that words are not broken. </p>
<p>Here’s an example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap text = "Python is a powerful programming language."
wrapped_text = textwrap.wrap(text, width=15)
for line in wrapped_text: print(line)
</pre>
<p>The output will be:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">Python is a
powerful
programming
language.
</pre>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">fill()</h4>
<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">The <code>fill()</code> function works similarly to <code>wrap()</code>, but it returns a single string instead of a list, with lines separated by newline characters. This can be useful when you want to maintain the output as a single string but still have it wrapped at a specific width. </p>
<p>For instance:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap text = "Python is a powerful programming language."
filled_text = textwrap.fill(text, width=15)
print(filled_text)
</pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">Python is a
powerful
programming
language.
</pre>
</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Working with Strings</h2>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="485" height="857" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-155.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1651022" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-155.png 485w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-155-170x300.png 170w" sizes="(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px" /></figure>
</div>
<p>The <code>textwrap</code> module is specifically designed for wrapping and formatting plain text by accounting for line breaks and whitespace management.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Manipulating Strings with Textwrap</h3>
<p>When dealing with strings in Python, it is often necessary to adjust the width of text or break lines at specific points. The <code>textwrap</code> module provides several functions that can be useful for manipulating strings. Here are some examples:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Wrapping a string</strong>: The <code>wrap()</code> function breaks a long string into a list of lines at a specified width. The <code><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/write-a-long-string-on-multiple-lines-in-python/">fill()</a></code> function works similarly, but instead, it returns a single string with line breaks inserted at the appropriate points. These functions can be helpful when dealing with large amounts of text and need to ensure the characters per line do not exceed a certain limit. For instance,</li>
</ol>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap long_string = "This is a long string that needs to be wrapped at a specific width."
wrapped_lines = textwrap.wrap(long_string, width=20)
print(wrapped_lines) filled_string = textwrap.fill(long_string, width=20)
print(filled_string)
</pre>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>Truncating a string</strong>: The <code>shorten()</code> function trims a string to a specified width and removes any excess whitespace. This is useful when dealing with strings with too many <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-count-the-number-of-words-in-a-string-in-python/">characters</a> or unwanted spaces. Here’s an example of how to use <code>shorten()</code>:</li>
</ol>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap example_string = "This string has extra whitespace and needs to be shortened."
shortened_string = textwrap.shorten(example_string, width=30)
print(shortened_string)
</pre>
<ol start="3">
<li><strong>Handling line breaks and spacing</strong>: The <code>textwrap</code> module also accounts for proper handling of line breaks and spacing in strings. By default, it takes into consideration existing line breaks and collapses multiple spaces into single spaces. This feature ensures that when wrapping or truncating strings, the output remains clean and readable.</li>
</ol>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background"><img decoding="async" src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>TLDR</strong>: The <code>textwrap</code> module provides a simple and effective way to manipulate <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-convert-an-integer-list-to-a-string-list-in-python/">strings in Python</a>. It helps with wrapping, truncating, and formatting strings based on desired width, characters, and spacing requirements. Using the <code>wrap()</code>, <code>fill()</code>, and <code>shorten()</code> functions, developers can efficiently manage large strings and improve the readability of their code.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Textwrapper Object Configuration</h2>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="676" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-156-1024x676.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1651023" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-156-1024x676.png 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-156-300x198.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-156-768x507.png 768w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-156.png 1296w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</div>
<p>The <code>textwrap</code> module’s core functionality is accessed through the <code>TextWrapper</code> object, which can be customized to fit various string-manipulation needs.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Customizing Textwrapper Settings</h3>
<p>To create a <code>TextWrapper</code> instance with custom settings, first import the <code>textwrap</code> module and initialize an object with desired parameters:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap wrapper = textwrap.TextWrapper(width=50, initial_indent=' ', subsequent_indent=' ', expand_tabs=True, tabsize=4, replace_whitespace=True, break_long_words=True, break_on_hyphens=True, drop_whitespace=True, max_lines=None)
</pre>
<p>Let’s go over the most commonly used parameters:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>width</code>: The maximum length of a line in the wrapped output.</li>
<li><code>initial_indent</code>: A string that will be prepended to the first line of the wrapped text.</li>
<li><code>subsequent_indent</code>: A string that will be prepended to all lines of the wrapped text, except the first one.</li>
<li><code>expand_tabs</code>: A Boolean indicating whether to replace all tabs with spaces.</li>
<li><code>tabsize</code>: The number of spaces to use when <code>expand_tabs</code> is set to <code>True</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>These additional parameters control various string-handling behaviors:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>replace_whitespace</code>: If set to <code>True</code>, this flag replaces all whitespace characters with spaces in the output.</li>
<li><code>break_long_words</code>: When <code>True</code>, long words that cannot fit within the specified width will be broken.</li>
<li><code>break_on_hyphens</code>: A Boolean determining whether to break lines at hyphenated words. If <code>True</code>, line breaks may occur after hyphens.</li>
<li><code>drop_whitespace</code>: If set to <code>True</code>, any leading or trailing whitespace on a line will be removed.</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>TextWrapper</code> object also offers the <code>shorten</code> function, which collapses and truncates text to fit within a specified width:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">shortened_text = wrapper.shorten("This is a long text that will be shortened to fit within the specified width.")
print(shortened_text)
</pre>
<p>By customizing the settings of a <code>TextWrapper</code> instance, you can efficiently handle various text manipulation tasks with confidence and clarity.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Managing Line Breaks and Whitespace</h2>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="678" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-157-1024x678.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1651024" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-157-1024x678.png 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-157-300x199.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-157-768x509.png 768w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-157.png 1294w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</div>
<p>When working with text in Python, you may often encounter strings with varying line breaks and whitespace. This section will explore how to effectively manage these elements using the <code>textwrap</code> module and other Python techniques.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Controlling Line Breaks</h3>
<p>The <code>textwrap</code> module provides functions for wrapping and formatting text with line breaks. To control line breaks within a string, you can use the <code>wrap()</code> and <code>fill()</code> functions. First, you need to import the <code>textwrap</code> module:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap
</pre>
<p>Now, you can use the <code>wrap()</code> function to split a string into a list of lines based on a specified <code>width</code>. Here’s an example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">text = "This is a very long line that needs to be wrapped at a specific width."
wrapped_text = textwrap.wrap(text, width=20)
print(wrapped_text)
</pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">['This is a very long', 'line that needs to', 'be wrapped at a', 'specific width.']
</pre>
<p>For a single string with line breaks instead of a list, use the <code>fill()</code> function:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">filled_text = textwrap.fill(text, width=20)
print(filled_text)
</pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">This is a very long
line that needs to
be wrapped at a
specific width.
</pre>
<p>In Python, line breaks are represented by the line feed character (<code>\n</code>). To control line breaks manually, you can use the <code>splitlines()</code> and <code>join()</code> functions in combination with the <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-use-rangelen-in-python/"><code>range()</code> function and <code>len()</code></a> for iterating over elements:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">lines = text.splitlines()
for i in range(len(lines)): lines[i] = lines[i].strip()
result = '\n'.join(lines)
print(result)
</pre>
<p>Feel free to experiment with the different functions and techniques to manage line breaks and whitespace in your Python scripts, making them more readable and well-formatted.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Working with Dataframes</h2>
<p>When <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/pandas-dataframe-object-a-beginners-guide/">working with dataframes</a>, it is common to encounter situations where you need to wrap and truncate text in cells to display the information neatly, particularly when exporting data to Excel files. Let’s discuss how to apply text wrapping to cells in <strong>pandas</strong> dataframes and Excel files using Python.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Applying Textwrap to Excel Files</h3>
<p>To wrap and truncate text in Excel files, first, you’ll need to install the <code>openpyxl</code> library. You can learn how to install it in this <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-install-openpyxl-in-python/">tutorial</a>. The <code>openpyxl</code> library allows you to work with Excel files efficiently in Python.</p>
<p>Once you have installed <code>openpyxl</code>, you can use it along with <strong>pandas</strong> to apply text wrapping to the cells in your dataframe. Here’s an example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import pandas as pd
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.utils.dataframe import dataframe_to_rows # Sample dataframe
data = {'A': ["This is a very long string", "Short string"], 'B': ["Another long string", "Short one"]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data) # Create a new Excel workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active # Add dataframe to the workbook
for r in dataframe_to_rows(df, index=False, header=True): ws.append® # Apply text_wrap to all cells
for row in ws.iter_rows(): for cell in row: cell.alignment = cell.alignment.copy(wrapText=True) # Save the workbook
wb.save('wrapped_text.xlsx')
</pre>
<p>This code reads a <strong>pandas</strong> dataframe and writes it to an Excel file. It then iterates through each cell in the workbook, applying the <code>text_wrap</code> property to the cell’s alignment. Finally, it saves the wrapped text Excel file.</p>
<p>When working with more complex dataframes, you might need to apply additional formatting options such as <code>index</code>, <code>sheet_name</code>, and <code>book</code> to properly display your data in Excel. To do this, you can use <strong>pandas</strong>‘ built-in function called <code>ExcelWriter</code>. Here’s an example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group=""># Export dataframe to Excel with specific sheet_name and index
with pd.ExcelWriter('formatted_data.xlsx', engine='openpyxl') as writer: df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sample Data', index=False)
</pre>
<p>This code exports the dataframe to an Excel file with the specified <code>sheet_name</code> and without the <code>index</code> column.</p>
<p class="has-base-2-background-color has-background">The combination of pandas and <code>openpyxl</code> allows you to efficiently wrap and truncate text in dataframes and Excel files. With the appropriate use of <code>ExcelWriter</code>, <code>sheet_name</code>, and other parameters, you can craft well-formatted Excel files that not only wrap text but also properly display complex data structures.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="675" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-158-1024x675.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1651025" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-158-1024x675.png 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-158-300x198.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-158-768x506.png 768w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/image-158.png 1290w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</div>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">How can I use textwrap for string truncation?</h3>
<p>To use <code>textwrap</code> for string truncation in Python, you can use the <a href="https://note.nkmk.me/en/python-textwrap-wrap-fill-shorten/">shorten</a> function from the module. Here’s an example:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap text = "Hello world"
truncated_text = textwrap.shorten(text, width=10, placeholder="...")
print(truncated_text)
</pre>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What are common methods for wrapping text in Python?</h3>
<p>Common methods for wrapping text in Python include using the <code>wrap</code> and <code>fill</code> functions from the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html"><code>textwrap</code> module</a>. Here’s an example using <code>fill</code>:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit."
wrapped_text = textwrap.fill(text, width=20)
print(wrapped_text)
</pre>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">How does textwrap interact with openpyxl for Excel?</h3>
<p><code>textwrap</code> can be used alongside <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/fixed-modulenotfounderror-no-module-named-openpyxl/"><code>openpyxl</code></a> to format text in Excel cells. You can use the wrap or fill functions from the <code>textwrap</code> module to prepare your text and then write the formatted text to an Excel cell using <code>openpyxl</code>. However, remember to install <code>openpyxl</code> with <code>pip install openpyxl</code> before using it.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Why is textwrap dedent not functioning properly?</h3>
<p><code>textwrap.dedent</code> might not function properly when the input string contains mixed indentation (spaces or tabs). Make sure that the input string is consistently indented using the same characters (either spaces or tabs).</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What distinguishes textwrap fill from wrap?</h3>
<p>The <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/textwrap-text-wrapping-filling-python/"><code>wrap</code></a> function returns a list of wrapped lines, while the <code>fill</code> function returns a single string with the lines separated by newline characters. Here’s an example comparing both functions:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit."
wrap_output = textwrap.wrap(text, width=20)
fill_output = textwrap.fill(text, width=20) print(wrap_output)
print(fill_output)
</pre>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">How do I implement the textwrap module?</h3>
<p>To implement the <code>textwrap</code> module in your Python code, simply import the module at the beginning of your script, and then use its functions, such as <code>wrap</code>, <code>fill</code>, and <code>shorten</code>. For example, to wrap a long string:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import textwrap text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit."
wrapped_text = textwrap.wrap(text, width=20) for line in wrapped_text: print(line)
</pre>
<p>Remember to adjust the <code>width</code> parameter as needed and explore other <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html">options in the documentation</a> for more customization.</p>
<p class="has-base-2-background-color has-background"><img decoding="async" src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Recommended</strong>: <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/pandas-quickstart/">10 Minutes to Pandas (in 5 Minutes)</a></p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://blog.finxter.com/wrap-and-truncate-a-string-with-textwrap-in-python/">Wrap and Truncate a String with Textwrap in Python</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://blog.finxter.com">Be on the Right Side of Change</a>.</p>
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https://www.sickgaming.net/blog/2023/08/27/wrap-and-truncate-a-string-with-textwrap-in-python/