{"id":122714,"date":"2021-01-01T10:56:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T10:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.finxter.com\/?p=19945"},"modified":"2021-01-01T10:56:03","modified_gmt":"2021-01-01T10:56:03","slug":"python-dir-a-simple-guide-with-video","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sickgaming.net\/blog\/2021\/01\/01\/python-dir-a-simple-guide-with-video\/","title":{"rendered":"Python dir() \u2014 A Simple Guide with Video"},"content":{"rendered":"

If used without argument<\/em><\/strong>, Python’s built-in dir()<\/code> function returns the function and variable names defined in the local scope<\/em><\/strong>—the namespace of your current module. If used with an object argument<\/em><\/strong>, dir(object)<\/code> returns a list of attribute and method names defined in the object’s scope<\/strong><\/em>. Thus, dir()<\/code> returns all names in a given scope. <\/p>\n

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\"Python<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Usage<\/h2>\n

Learn by example! Here are some examples of how to use the dir()<\/code> built-in function<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Here’s the use without an argument<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

alice = 22\nbob = 42\nprint(dir())\n<\/pre>\n
It prints the implicitly and explicitly defined names in your module where you run this code:<\/p>\n
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'alice', 'bob']<\/pre>\n
The last two values in the list are the names 'alice'<\/code> and 'bob'<\/code>. <\/p>\n
The following code exemplifies the use of dir()<\/code> with an object argument<\/em><\/strong> of class <\/a>Car<\/code>. <\/p>\n
class Car: speed = 100 color = 'black' porsche = Car()\nprint(dir(porsche))\n<\/pre>\n
The class Car<\/code> has two attributes<\/a>. If you print the names of the porsche<\/code> instance of the Car<\/code> class, you obtain the following output:<\/p>\n
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'color', 'speed']<\/pre>\n
The final two attributes are 'color'<\/code> and 'speed'<\/code>, the ones you defined. There are many other names in the list <\/a>with the double underscore<\/a> (called dunder<\/em><\/strong>). These are the attribute and method names already defined implicitly by the Python environment<\/a> for any object. For example, __str__<\/code> gives the default string representation<\/a> of a given object. <\/p>\n
Video dir()<\/h2>\n
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